On Tuesday, June 12, 2018 at 3:28:29 AM UTC-4, Cameron Simpson wrote: > On 11Jun2018 22:51, Tamara Berger <brg...@gmail.com> wrote: > >On Monday, June 11, 2018 at 7:24:58 PM UTC-4, Gregory Ewing wrote: > >> Tamara Berger wrote: > >> > I typed these 2 lines in the terminal: > >> > 192:~ TamaraB$ sudo python3 > >> >>>>python3 -m pip install pytest > >> > >> You need to enter this *single* line in the Terminal: > >> sudo python3 -m pip install pytest > >> > >> > What does the "-m" stand for in the line of code? > >> It's a cmmand-line option to the python interpreter > >> telling it to execute a module. > > > >Thanks, Greg. But I got a permission error. Here is my command at the prompt > >and the terminal's response. > > > >192:~ TamaraB$ sudo python3 -m pip install pytest > >Password: > >The directory '/Users/TamaraB/Library/Caches/pip/http' or its parent > >directory > >is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please > >check > >the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you > >may want sudo's -H flag. > > sudo leaves the $HOME environment variable unchanged, at least on my Mac. So > it > is using your personal cache directory. And rejecting it becuse it is > (correctly) owned by you. > > >The directory '/Users/TamaraB/Library/Caches/pip' or its parent directory is > >not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check > >the > >permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may > >want sudo's -H flag. > > Have a look at the sudo command's manual page, by running the command: > > man sudo > > In that we can read this: > > -H The -H (HOME) option option sets the HOME environment > variable to the home directory of the target user (root by > default) as specified by the password database. The > default handling of the HOME environment variable depends > on sudoers(5) settings. By default, sudo will set HOME if > env_reset or always_set_home are set, or if set_home is > set and the -s option is specified on the command line. > > So the message is a reasonable suggestion, and it is suggesting that you run > this command: > > sudo -H python3 -m pip install pytest > > Regarding the other messages: > > >Requirement already satisfied: pytest in > >/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages > >Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in > >/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages > > (from pytest) > >Requirement already satisfied: pluggy<0.7,>=0.5 in > >/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages > > (from pytest) > >Requirement already satisfied: atomicwrites>=1.0 in > >/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages > > (from pytest) > >Requirement already satisfied: more-itertools>=4.0.0 in > >/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages > > (from pytest) > >Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.10.0 in > >/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages > > (from pytest) > >Requirement already satisfied: py>=1.5.0 in > >/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages > > (from pytest) > >Requirement already satisfied: attrs>=17.4.0 in > >/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages > > (from pytest) > > This is all fine - it is just saying that various prerequisites are already > there. > > >You are using pip version 9.0.1, however version 10.0.1 is available. > >You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command. > > This is just a suggestion to upgrade pip. Since you're running pip from > Python's "pip" builtin module this effectively suggests upgrading your Python > 3 > install. Not important or urgent. > > >So I'm stuck again. I thought "sudo" was supposed to take care of > >permissions. > >Do you have a suggestion? > > Sudo isn't magic, and treating it like magic is very common, which is one > reason I discourage unthinking use of it. > > Sudo exists to let your run specific commands as root, the system superuser. > (It also has modes to run as other users, but root is the default and also > the > most dangerous.) > > When you use sudo you have almost unlimited power to change things. This is > handy for installation activities, and also handy for doing unbound damage to > the OS install. > > I still recommend that you avoid sudo here and use pip's --user option, > installing the packages in your personal Python tree. It will work just as > well > for almost every purpose and avoid risk to your machine's OS. > > Cheers, > Cameron Simpson <c...@cskk.id.au>
Sorry, to bother you again. But is there some way to edit a message once its posted? Or do I have to delete it and rewrite it? -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
