On Thu, Aug 17, 2017 at 8:29 AM, Mok-Kong Shen <mok-kong.s...@t-online.de> wrote: > I have earlier learned some other (older) programming languages. For > these the formal parameters are either "by reference" or "by value". > In the first case, any modification of the formal parameter inside > a function affects the corresponding actual parameter of a function > call, while in the second case a copy of the actual parameter is > passed into the function so that any modification of the formal > parameter inside the function has no effect at all outside. This is > extremely clear-cut in comparison to Python, isn't it? Anyway, while > any new user of a programming language certainly can be expected to > take good efforts to learn a lot of new stuffs, I suppose it's good > for any practical programming language to minimize the cases of > surprises for those that come from other programming languages.
Python has a data model that is neither of the above, but it's simpler in that you have one pattern for everything. Whether you're looking at function parameters, return values, assignment, loops, function definitions, or anything else, the model is exactly the same. And that model is: objects exist independently of names, and names refer to objects. If you do "x = y", you're saying "figure out which object 'y' means, and make the name 'x' refer to it". If you do "x[1] = y", you're saying "figure out which object 'y' means, and tell the object that 'x' means that it should make [1] refer to that object". So if you have multiple names referring to the same object, any change you ask that object to do will be seen by every other name that also refers to it - because it's all about the object. ChrisA -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
