On 2016-10-19 03:15, chenyong20...@gmail.com wrote:
Thanks Peter and Anssi for your kind help. Now I'm ok with the first question. But 
the second question still confused me. Why "it seems that
after root = root.setdefault(ch,{}) tree['a'] and root are the same
object" and follows tree['a']['b']? Thanks.

You call the .setdefault method with a key and a default value.

The .setdefault method does this: if the key is in the dict, it returns the associated value, else it puts the key and the default into the dict and then returns the default.

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