Ben Finney wrote: > Ben Finney <ben+pyt...@benfinney.id.au> writes: > >> In Python 2.7, I am seeing this behaviour for ‘print’:: >> >> Python 2.7.10 (default, Sep 13 2015, 20:30:50) >> [GCC 5.2.1 20150911] on linux2 >> Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more >> information. >> >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals >> >>> from __future__ import print_function >> >>> import io >> >>> print(None) >> None >> >>> print(None, file=io.StringIO()) >> Traceback (most recent call last): >> File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> >> TypeError: unicode argument expected, got 'str' >> >> So, although my string literals are now Unicode objects, apparently >> ‘print’ still coerces objects using the bytes type ‘str’. > > To eliminate ‘from __future__ import print_function’ as a possible > factor, here is another demonstration without that:: > > Python 2.7.10 (default, Sep 13 2015, 20:30:50) > [GCC 5.2.1 20150911] on linux2 > Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. > >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals > >>> import sys > >>> import io > >>> print "foo" > foo > >>> print None > None > >>> sys.stdout = io.StringIO() > >>> print "foo" > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> > TypeError: unicode argument expected, got 'str' > >>> print None > Traceback (most recent call last): > File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> > TypeError: unicode argument expected, got 'str' > > So it appears that even a string literal, which is explicitly Unicode by > the above ‘from __future__ import unicode_literals’, is still being > coerced to a bytes ‘str’ object by ‘print’. > > How can I convince ‘print’, everywhere throughout a module, that it > should coerce its arguments using ‘unicode’?
I don't think this is possible with the print statement, but the print() function can be replaced with anything you like: $ python Python 2.7.6 (default, Jun 22 2015, 17:58:13) [GCC 4.8.2] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> from __future__ import unicode_literals >>> from __future__ import print_function >>> import io >>> _print = print >>> def print(*args, **kw): ... return _print(*map(unicode, args), **kw) ... >>> print(None, file=io.StringIO()) >>> outstream = io.StringIO() >>> print(None, file=outstream) >>> outstream.getvalue() u'None\n' >>> print(None) None -- https://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
