hi:
I use ctypes load multiple C libraries. Code like this:
.....
history = CDLL("/usr/lib/libhistory.so", mode=RTLD_GLOBAL|RTLD_LAZY)
ncurses = CDLL("/usr/lib/libncurses.so", mode=RTLD_GLOBAL|RTLD_LAZY)
readline = CDLL("/usr/lib/libreadline.so", mode=RTLD_GLOBAL|RTLD_LAZY)
...
When I execute my python scripts, it come out followed error:
/var/app/python/scripts # python test.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 4, in <module>
history = CDLL("/usr/lib/libhistory.so", mode=RTLD_GLOBAL|RTLD_LAZY)
NameError: name 'RTLD_LAZY' is not defined.
So, I checked my ctypes source code, I found RTLD_LAZY defined in
dlfcn.h header file like this:
/* The MODE argument to `dlopen' contains one of the following: */
#define RTLD_LAZY 0x00001 /* Lazy function call binding. */
#define RTLD_NOW 0x00002 /* Immediate function call binding. */
#define RTLD_BINDING_MASK 0x3 /* Mask of binding time value. */
#define RTLD_NOLOAD 0x00004 /* Do not load the object. */
#if 0 /* uClibc doesnt support these */
#define RTLD_DEEPBIND 0x00008 /* Use deep binding. */
#endif
/* If the following bit is set in the MODE argument to `dlopen',
the symbols of the loaded object and its dependencies are made
visible as if the object were linked directly into the program. */
#define RTLD_GLOBAL 0x00100
/* Unix98 demands the following flag which is the inverse to RTLD_GLOBAL.
The implementation does this by default and so we can define the
value to zero. */
#define RTLD_LOCAL 0
/* Do not delete object when closed. */
#define RTLD_NODELETE 0x01000
The first of all, I have added followed codes in function:
PyMODINIT_FUNC init_ctypes(void) {...} in _ctypes.c file.
/* add RTLD_LAZY and RTLD_NOW definitions*/
PyModule_AddObject(m, "RTLD_LAZY", PyInt_FromLong(RTLD_LAZY));
PyModule_AddObject(m, "RTLD_NOW", PyInt_FromLong(RTLD_NOW));
So, Is there anybody know how the CDLL can accept mode flag:RTLD_LAZY?
On 09/16/2015 09:13 PM, Laura Creighton wrote:
In a message of Wed, 16 Sep 2015 17:35:18 +0800, "chenc...@inhand.com.cn" write
s:
hi:
I encountered a problem. I use ctypes load multiple C libraries, but
the libraries have dependence each other.So, how can i load these
libraries. For example, I have two libraries:A、B, but A depends on B, B
depends on A. So how do I load them? Is there anybody know how to do it?
I don't know how to do this with ctypes (which doesn't mean it cannot be
done, just that I haven't ever wanted to do this). What happens if you
make a small file that loads both separately and loads that one first?
It may be that you can get what you want with by loading the first lib
RTLD_LAZY instead of RTLD_NOW. see:
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/22591472/dyanamic-library-linking-by-rtld-lazy
see: this very old thread, maybe CTypes knows about it now.
http://osdir.com/ml/python.ctypes/2006-10/msg00029.html
But I have never tried.
These days I used cffi instead of ctypes.
If you use cffi https://pypi.python.org/pypi/cffi
there should not be any problem if you use ffi.set_source(),
only once, but mentioning both libs in the libraries=[...] argument.
Laura
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