Am Freitag, den 01.07.2005, 08:25 -0700 schrieb George Sakkis: > > > > Again, how? Is there a way to force that an external user of my lib can > > not use my internal data/methods/classes, unless he uses odd compiler > > hacks? > Well, one could probably argue it the other way. In Python you can at least prevent Python code to access internals of a C-language module. In C/C++, anything is just one cast away :)
> so. I never understood how mainstream OO languages expect the designer > of a class to know in advance that an attribute should be hidden or > unnecessary to its subclasses by being declared "private" instead of > "protected". The distinction between public and non-public (private + > protected) is more understandable, but again python's philosophy is > "we're all consenting adults here". _single_underscored names just > flash a "use at your own risk" signal, instead of tying your hands in > case the original class designer made a wrong assumption. The problem is, that the classic private/protected/public visibility tags try to solve multiple problems. Private: Ok, that's all that's really only for the implementation. public: Well, that's all for my "customers". Hmm. What if I've got two kinds of customers? Say a customer like in bank customer, and second customer that plays the role of the bank employee? oops. One can try to give a certain kind of customer more access by using protected, but that forces the developer to subclass. So basically the data hiding as C++ and Java provide are sensible only in a limited way. It does little beyond disallowing direct member variable access. Nothing that couldn't be provided in Python with some stack hacking and a metaclass. It just happens that by the time on knows enough Python to be able to implement this kind of stuff, the motivation to do this kind of stupid tricks is usually gone. Python provides much stronger "data hiding and modelling" support via properties and the __getattr__ (and friends) special methods. So yeah, even if takes some violence to explain it to C++/Java developers, good python code doesn't have getters and setters ;) Andreas
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