On 05/30/2013 12:18 AM, Steven D'Aprano wrote: > In some ways, Python is a more pure OOP language than Java: everything in > Python is an object, including classes themselves. > > In other ways, Python is a less pure and more practical language. You > don't have to wrap every piece of functionality in a class. Python > encourages you to write mixed procedural, functional and object oriented > code, whatever is best for the problem you are trying to solve, which is > very much in contrast to Java.
Depending on your understanding of what object-oriented means, procedural and functional code is still object-oriented. In fact modules (the "file") are in essence singleton objects that define attributes, but in practice there can only be one instance of this object (module). Seems like in Java a lot of code is needed to implement singletons (factory, etc). module-level code (procedural code) could simply be thought of as singleton initialization/constructor code that's automatically run when the singleton is created, using import or __import__(). At the function level, a simple function is still an object that implements callable. Python's implementation of OO isn't quite smalltalk pure, but it is much more consistent than in Java or C++. But yes, Python does not force you to shoe-horn your programming into one particular pattern. -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
