chaouche yacine <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> booleans
> ints, floats, longs, complexes
> strings, unicode strings
> lists, tuples, dictionaries, dictionary views, sets, frozensets,
> buffers, bytearrays, slices functions, methods, code
> objects,modules,classes, instances, types, nulls (there is exactly one
> object of type Null which is None), tracebacks, frames generators,
> iterators, xranges, files,
>
> memoryviews,
> context managers,
>
> These are all listed in this page
> http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html as built-in types. Am I
> getting anything wrong here ? I'm a bit confused about it. I have
> never seen so many types in the few programming languages I saw.
Instances aren't types (though types themselves are instances): every
object in Python is an instance.
If you want a list of types that exist in your particular copy of Python
then you can print it out easily enough:
------------------------------------------------
def allsubclasses(base):
mod = base.__module__
if mod in ('builtins', '__builtin__', 'exceptions'):
yield getattr(base, '__qualname__', base.__name__)
else:
yield "{}.{}".format(base.__module__, getattr(base,
'__qualname__', base.__name__))
for typ in type.__subclasses__(base):
for t in allsubclasses(typ): yield t
all_types = sorted(set(allsubclasses(object)), key=str.lower)
print(len(all_types))
print(all_types)
------------------------------------------------
That won't show any types that haven't been imported, but it gives me
293 types that are all loaded on startup in Python 3.3 and 150 in Python
2.7.
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