If you want to work with unicode, then write us = u"\N{COPYRIGHT SIGN} some text" You can also write this as us = unichr(169) + u" some text"
When you have a Unicode string, you can convert it to a particular encoding stored in a byte string with bs = us.encode("utf-8") It's generally a mistake to use the .encode() method on a byte string, but that's what code like bs = "\xa9 some text" bs = bs.encode("utf-8") does. It can lull you into believing it works, if the test data only has US ASCII contents, then break when you go into production and have non-ASCII strings. Jeff
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