I managed to get output for my function, thanks much for your
direction. I really appreciate the hints. Now I have tried to place
the statement "print ("Length \t" + "Count\n")" in different places in
my code so that the function can print the headers only one time in
this manner:
Count Length
4 7
8 1
12 2
Code so far:
def fileProcess(filename = open('declaration.txt', 'r')):
"""Call the program with an argument,
it should treat the argument as a filename,
splitting it up into words, and computes the length of each word.
print a table showing the word count for each of the word lengths
that has been encountered."""
freq = {} #empty dict to accumulate word count and word length
print ("Length \t" + "Count\n")
for line in filename:
punc = string.punctuation + string.whitespace#use Python's
built-in punctuation and whiitespace
for word in (line.replace (punc, "").lower().split()):
if word in freq:
freq[word] +=1 #increment current count if word already in dict
else:
freq[word] = 1 #if punctuation encountered,
frequency=0 word length = 0
#print ("Length \t" + "Count\n")#print header for all numbers.
for word, count in freq.items():
print(len(word), count)
fileProcess()
On Sat, Jun 18, 2011 at 7:09 PM, <python-list-requ...@python.org> wrote:
> Send Python-list mailing list submissions to
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>
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>
> Today's Topics:
>
> 1. Re: How do you copy files from one location to another?
> (Terry Reedy)
> 2. Re: Strategy to Verify Python Program is POST'ing to a web
> server. (Paul Rubin)
> 3. Re: Strategy to Verify Python Program is POST'ing to a web
> server. (Terry Reedy)
> 4. Re: debugging https connections with urllib2? (Roy Smith)
> 5. Re: Improper creating of logger instances or a Memory Leak?
> (Chris Torek)
> 6. Re: Strategy to Verify Python Program is POST'ing to a web
> server. (Chris Angelico)
> 7. NEED HELP-process words in a text file (Cathy James)
> 8. Re: NEED HELP-process words in a text file (Chris Rebert)
> 9. Re: NEED HELP-process words in a text file (Tim Chase)
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Terry Reedy <tjre...@udel.edu>
> To: python-list@python.org
> Date: Sat, 18 Jun 2011 16:52:26 -0400
> Subject: Re: How do you copy files from one location to another?
> On 6/18/2011 1:13 PM, Michael Hrivnak wrote:
>>
>> Python is great for automating sysadmin tasks, but perhaps you should
>> just use rsync for this. It comes with the benefit of only copying
>> the changes instead of every file every time.
>>
>> "rsync -a C:\source E:\destination" and you're done.
>
> Perhaps 'synctree' would be a candidate for addition to shutil.
>
> If copytree did not prohibit an existing directory as destination, it could
> be used for synching with an 'ignore' function.
>
> --
> Terry Jan Reedy
>
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Paul Rubin <no.email@nospam.invalid>
> To: python-list@python.org
> Date: Sat, 18 Jun 2011 14:03:19 -0700
> Subject: Re: Strategy to Verify Python Program is POST'ing to a web server.
> "mzagu...@gmail.com" <mzagu...@gmail.com> writes:
>> For example, if I create a website that tracks some sort of
>> statistical information and don't ensure that my program is the one
>> that is uploading it, the statistics can be thrown off by people
>> entering false POST data onto the data upload page. Any remedy?
>
> If you're concerned about unauthorized users posting random crap, the
> obvious solution is configure your web server to put password protection
> on the page.
>
> If you're saying AUTHORIZED users (those allowed to use the program to
> post stuff) aren't trusted to not bypass the program, you've basically
> got a DRM problem, especially if you think the users might
> reverse-engineer the program to figure out the protocol. The most
> effective approaches generally involve delivering the program in the
> form of a hardware product that's difficult to tamper with. That's what
> cable TV boxes amount to, for example.
>
> What is the application, if you can say? That might help get better
> answers.
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Terry Reedy <tjre...@udel.edu>
> To: python-list@python.org
> Date: Sat, 18 Jun 2011 17:17:09 -0400
> Subject: Re: Strategy to Verify Python Program is POST'ing to a web server.
> On 6/18/2011 7:34 AM, mzagu...@gmail.com wrote:
>>
>> Hello Folks,
>>
>> I am wondering what your strategies are for ensuring that data
>> transmitted to a website via a python program is indeed from that
>> program, and not from someone submitting POST data using some other
>> means. I find it likely that there is no solution, in which case what
>> is the best solution for sending data to a remote server from a python
>> program and ensuring that it is from that program?
>>
>> For example, if I create a website that tracks some sort of
>> statistical information and don't ensure that my program is the one
>> that is uploading it, the statistics can be thrown off by people
>> entering false POST data onto the data upload page. Any remedy?
>
> You have not specified all the parameters of the problem. Are there a limited
> number of copies of your program or are they distrubuted freely? What about
> multiple votes from one program?
>
> Corporate proxy votes (which are a legally important type of statistical
> information) work as follows. Each shareholder is mailed or emailed a
> 'control number'. Attend stockholder meeting in person, mail proxy vote, or
> login with any browser with control number. Repeat votes by the same control
> id supercede previous vote. There should be a 'thank you for voting' response
> for each vote. I suspect IP addr. is recorded with vote too. I have not heard
> of specific problems with electronic proxy voting.
>
> --
> Terry Jan Reedy
>
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Roy Smith <r...@panix.com>
> To: python-list@python.org
> Date: Sat, 18 Jun 2011 17:45:42 -0400
> Subject: Re: debugging https connections with urllib2?
> In article <4dfcff48$0$49184$e4fe5...@news.xs4all.nl>,
> Irmen de Jong <irmen.nos...@xs4all.nl> wrote:
>
>> On 18-6-2011 20:57, Roy Smith wrote:
>> > We've got a REST call that we're making to a service provider over https
>> > using urllib2.urlopen(). Is there any way to see exactly what's getting
>> > sent and received over the network (i.e. all the HTTP headers) in plain
>> > text?
>>
>> Put a proxy between the https-service endpoint and your client app.
>> Let the proxy talk https and let your client talk http to the proxy.
>
> Clever. I like. Thanks.
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Chris Torek <nos...@torek.net>
> To: python-list@python.org
> Date: 18 Jun 2011 22:28:39 GMT
> Subject: Re: Improper creating of logger instances or a Memory Leak?
> In article <ebafe7b6-aa93-4847-81d6-12d396a4f...@j28g2000vbp.googlegroups.com>
> foobar <wjship...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>I've run across a memory leak in a long running process which I can't
>>determine if its my issue or if its the logger.
>
> You do not say what version of python you are using, but on the
> other hand I do not know how much the logger code has evolved
> over time anyway. :-)
>
>> Each application thread gets a logger instance in it's init() method
>>via:
>>
>> self.logger = logging.getLogger('ivr-'+str(self.rand))
>>
>>where self.rand is a suitably large random number to avoid collisions
>>of the log file's name.
>
> This instance will "live forever" (since the thread shares the
> main logging manager with all other threads).
> ---------
> class Manager:
> """
> There is [under normal circumstances] just one Manager instance, which
> holds the hierarchy of loggers.
> """
> def __init__(self, rootnode):
> """
> Initialize the manager with the root node of the logger hierarchy.
> """
> [snip]
> self.loggerDict = {}
>
> def getLogger(self, name):
> """
> Get a logger with the specified name (channel name), creating it
> if it doesn't yet exist. This name is a dot-separated hierarchical
> name, such as "a", "a.b", "a.b.c" or similar.
>
> If a PlaceHolder existed for the specified name [i.e. the logger
> didn't exist but a child of it did], replace it with the created
> logger and fix up the parent/child references which pointed to the
> placeholder to now point to the logger.
> """
> [snip]
> self.loggerDict[name] = rv
> [snip]
> [snip]
> Logger.manager = Manager(Logger.root)
> ---------
>
> So you will find all the various ivr-* loggers in
> logging.Logger.manager.loggerDict[].
>
>>finally the last statements in the run() method are:
>>
>> filehandler.close()
>> self.logger.removeHandler(filehandler)
>> del self.logger #this was added to try and force a clean up of
>>the logger instances.
>
> There appears to be no __del__ handler and nothing that allows
> removing a logger instance from the manager's loggerDict. Of
> course you could do this "manually", e.g.:
>
> ...
> self.logger.removeHandler(filehandler)
> del logging.Logger.manager.loggerDict[self.logger.name]
> del self.logger # optional
>
> I am curious as to why you create a new logger for each thread.
> The logging module has thread synchronization in it, so that you
> can share one log (or several logs) amongst all threads, which is
> more typically what one wants.
> --
> In-Real-Life: Chris Torek, Wind River Systems
> Salt Lake City, UT, USA (40°39.22'N, 111°50.29'W) +1 801 277 2603
> email: gmail (figure it out) http://web.torek.net/torek/index.html
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Chris Angelico <ros...@gmail.com>
> To: python-list@python.org
> Date: Sun, 19 Jun 2011 09:12:13 +1000
> Subject: Re: Strategy to Verify Python Program is POST'ing to a web server.
> On Sun, Jun 19, 2011 at 6:40 AM, Michael Hrivnak <mhriv...@hrivnak.org> wrote:
>> On Sat, Jun 18, 2011 at 1:26 PM, Chris Angelico <ros...@gmail.com> wrote:
>>> SSL certificates are good, but they can be stolen (very easily if the
>>> client is open source). Anything algorithmic suffers from the same
>>> issue.
>>
>> This is only true if you distribute your app with one built-in
>> certificate, which does indeed seem like a bad idea. When you know
>> your user base though, especially if this is a situation with a small
>> number of deployments, than you can distribute a unique certificate to
>> each client, signed by your CA.
>
> That changes it from verifying the program to verifying the user. It's
> a somewhat different beast, but it still leaves the possibility of
> snagging the cert and using it in another program. Same with IP
> address checks. You can't prove that the other end is a particular
> program.
>
>>> You could go a long way toward it, though, by
>>> using something ridiculously complex, such as:
>>> ...
>>
>> An authentication process that involves the client executing code
>> supplied by the server opens up one single point of failure (server is
>> compromised or man-in-the-middle attack is happening) by which
>> arbitrary code could get executed on the client. Yikes!
>
> Yeah, hence the part of verifying the server's cert too. That one is a
> bit safer though; nobody but you will have that certificate, so it's
> not as easy to take and put into another program. But this whole
> scheme was meant from the start to be ridiculous.
>
>> If ...
>> then you'll have to accept that you cannot trust the submitted data
>> 100%, and just take measures to mitigate abuse.
>
> I still stand by my original point, namely that the "if" on here is
> superfluous, and the "then" is unconditional. But the measures you
> describe _do_ reduce the likelihood significantly.
>
> ChrisA
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Cathy James <nambo...@gmail.com>
> To: python-list@python.org
> Date: Sat, 18 Jun 2011 18:21:55 -0500
> Subject: NEED HELP-process words in a text file
> Dear Python Experts,
>
> First, I'd like to convey my appreciation to you all for your support
> and contributions. I am a Python newborn and need help with my
> function. I commented on my program as to what it should do, but
> nothing is printing. I know I am off, but not sure where. Please
> help:(
>
> import string
> def fileProcess(filename):
> """Call the program with an argument,
> it should treat the argument as a filename,
> splitting it up into words, and computes the length of each word.
> print a table showing the word count for each of the word lengths
> that has been encountered.
> Example:
> Length Count
> 1 16
> 2 267
> 3 267
> 4 169
> >>>"&"
> Length Count
> 0 0
> >>>
> >>>"right."
> Length Count
> 5 10
> """
> freq = [] #empty dict to accumulate words and word length
> filename=open('declaration.txt, r')
> for line in filename:
> punc = string.punctuation + string.whitespace#use Python's
> built-in punctuation and whiitespace
> for i, word in enumerate (line.replace (punc, "").lower().split()):
> if word in freq:
> freq[word] +=1 #increment current count if word already in dict
>
> else:
> freq[word] = 0 #if punctuation encountered,
> frequency=0 word length = 0
> for word in freq.items():
> print("Length /t"+"Count/n"+ freq[word],+'/t' +
> len(word))#print word count and length of word separated by a tab
>
>
>
>
> #Thanks in advance,
> CJ.
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Chris Rebert <c...@rebertia.com>
> To: Cathy James <nambo...@gmail.com>
> Date: Sat, 18 Jun 2011 16:30:00 -0700
> Subject: Re: NEED HELP-process words in a text file
> On Sat, Jun 18, 2011 at 4:21 PM, Cathy James <nambo...@gmail.com> wrote:
>> Subject: NEED HELP-process words in a text file
>>
>> Dear Python Experts,
>>
>> First, I'd like to convey my appreciation to you all for your support
>> and contributions. I am a Python newborn and need help with my
>> function. I commented on my program as to what it should do, but
>> nothing is printing. I know I am off, but not sure where. Please
>> help:(
>
> Netiquette comment: Please avoid SHOUTING and including unnecessary
> entreaties in your subject lines in the future.
>
> Cheers,
> Chris
>
>
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> From: Tim Chase <python.l...@tim.thechases.com>
> To: Cathy James <nambo...@gmail.com>
> Date: Sat, 18 Jun 2011 19:09:18 -0500
> Subject: Re: NEED HELP-process words in a text file
> On 06/18/2011 06:21 PM, Cathy James wrote:
>
>> freq = [] #empty dict to accumulate words and word length
>
> While you say you create an empty dict, using "[]" creates an empty *list*,
> not a dict. Either your comment is wrong or your code is wrong. :) Given
> your usage, I presume you want a dict, not a list.
>
>> for line in filename:
>> punc = string.punctuation + string.whitespace#use Python's
>> built-in punctuation and whiitespace
>
> Since you don't change "punc" in your loop, you'd get better performance by
> hoisting this outside of the loop so it's only evaluated once. Not that it
> should matter *that* greatly, but it's just a bad-code-smell.
>
>> for i, word in enumerate (line.replace (punc, "").lower().split()):
>
> .replace() doesn't operate on sets of characters, but rather strings. So
> unless your line contains the exact text in "punc" (unlikely), that
> replacement is a NOP. There are a couple ways to go about removing unwanted
> characters:
>
> - make a set of those characters and produce a resulting string from things
> not in that set:
>
> punc_set = set(punc)
> line = ''.join(c for c in line if c not in punc_set)
>
> - use a regexp to strip them out...something like
>
> punc_re = re.compile("[" + re.escape(punc) + "]")
> ...
> line = punc_re.sub('', line)
>
> - use string translations. I'm not as familiar with these, but the following
> seemed to work for me, abusing the 2nd "deletechars" parameter for your
> particular use-case:
>
> line = line.translate(None, punc)
>
> I don't see .translate(None) documented anywhere. My random effort seemed to
> work in 2.6, but fails in 2.5 and prior. YMMV.
>
>> if word in freq:
>> freq[word] +=1 #increment current count if word already in
>> dict
>>
>> else:
>> freq[word] = 0 #if punctuation encountered,
>> frequency=0 word length = 0
>
> Again, your 2nd comment disagrees with your code. As an aside, if you're
> using 2.5 or greater, I'd use collections.defaultdict(int) as the accumulator:
>
> freq = collections.defaultdict(int)
> ...
> freq[word] += 1
> # no need to check presence
>
>> for word in freq.items():
>> print("Length /t"+"Count/n"+ freq[word],+'/t' +
>> len(word))#print word count and length of word separated by a tab
>
> Where to begin:
>
> - Your escapes are using "/" instead of "\" for <tab> and <newline> which I
> expect will mess up the formatting.
>
> - You're also labeling them "Length/Count" but printing "count/length".
>
> - you're iterating over freq.items() but that should be written as
>
> for word, count in freq.items():
>
> or
>
> for word in freq:
>
> - Additionally, adding the bits together makes it somewhat hard to
> understand.
>
> I'd use something like
>
> for word, count in freq.items():
> print("Word \tLength \tCount\n%s \t%i \t%i" % (
> word, len(word), count))
>
> -tkc
>
>
>
>
> --
> http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
>
--
http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
