Marc Oldenhof wrote:
Hello all,
I'm pretty new to Python, but use it a lot lately. I'm getting a crazy
error trying to do operations on a string list after importing numpy.
Minimal example:
[start Python]
Python 2.5.1 (r251:54863, Apr 18 2007, 08:51:08) [MSC v.1310 32 bit
(Intel)] on win32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
a=['1','2','3']
all(a)
True
from numpy import *
all(a)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\fromnumeric.py", line
982, in all
return _wrapit(a, 'all', axis, out)
File "C:\Python25\lib\site-packages\numpy\core\fromnumeric.py", line
37, in _wrapit
result = getattr(asarray(obj),method)(*args, **kwds)
TypeError: cannot perform reduce with flexible type
[end of example]
It seems that Python calls numpy's "all" instead of the standard one,
is that right? If so, how can I call the standard "all" after the
numpy import? ["import numpy" is not a desirable option, I use a lot
of math in my progs]
Is there another way around this error?
Yes, there are several solutions, but before that I'll say that "from
... import *" is frowned upon for just this reason. You have no
control (and often no idea) what * ends up importing, and if any of
those names overwrite an existing name (as you've found here), you may
not notice. (It's not quite fair to say "Python calls numpy's "all".
*You* call it after you chose to replace Python's "all" with numpy's "all".)
Solutions:
Save Python's "all" first under another name:
original_all = all
from numpy import all
Now you can call all(...) or original_all(...).
The built-in (as they are called) are always available through __builtins__:
from numpy import *
all(...) # is numpy's all
__builtins__.all(...) # Is the original all
Don't import *, but rather import only those things you need.
from numpy import array, dot, float32, int32, ...
and if you need numpy's all
from numpy import all as numpy_all
Gary Herron
Marc
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