Christian Heimes wrote: > 7stud wrote: >> The output suggests that Dog actually is a subclass of type--despite >> the fact that issubclass(Dog, type) returns False. In addition, the >> output of dir(type) and dir(object): > > No, type is the meta class of the class object: > >>>> issubclass(object, type) > False >>>> isinstance(object, type) > True > > As you can see object is not a subclass of type but an instance of type. > This may look confusing at first but it's easy to explain. Like a class > is the blue print of an instance, a meta class is the blue print of a > class. In Python everything is a direct or indirect instance of type. > This might be helpful is the phrase "indirect instance" had any meaning whatseover ;-)
> o = someobject > while o is not type: > o = type(o) > print o > > The code will eventually print "type". > Except, of course, when someobject is type, when it won't print anything at all. regards Steve -- Steve Holden +1 571 484 6266 +1 800 494 3119 Holden Web LLC http://www.holdenweb.com/ -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
