suppose you want to do find & replace of string of all files in a directory. here's the code:
©# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- ©# Python © ©import os,sys © ©mydir= '/Users/t/web' © ©findStr='<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2 FINAL//EN">' ©repStr='<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">' © ©def replaceStringInFile(findStr,repStr,filePath): © "replaces all findStr by repStr in file filePath" © tempName=filePath+'~~~' © input = open(filePath) © output = open(tempName,'w') © © for s in input: © output.write(s.replace(findStr,repStr)) © output.close() © input.close() © os.rename(tempName,filePath) © print filePath © ©def myfun(dummy, dirr, filess): © for child in filess: © if '.html' == os.path.splitext(child)[1] and ©os.path.isfile(dirr+'/'+child): © replaceStringInFile(findStr,repStr,dirr+'/'+child) ©os.path.walk(mydir, myfun, 3) note that files will be overwritten. be sure to backup the folder before you run it. try to edit the code to suite your needs. previous tips can be found at: http://xahlee.org/perl-python/python.html --------------------------------------- the following is a Perl version i wrote few years ago. Note: if regex is turned on, correctness is not guranteed. it is very difficult if not impossible in Perl to move regex pattern around and preserve their meanings. #!/usr/local/bin/perl =pod Description: This script does find and replace on a given foler recursively. Features: * multiple Find and Replace string pairs can be given. * The find/replace strings can be set to regex or literal. * Files can be filtered according to file name suffix matching or other criterions. * Backup copies of original files will be made at a user specified folder that preserves all folder structures of original folder. * A report will be generated that indicates which files has been changed, how many changes, and total number of files changed. * files will retain their own/group/permissions settings. usage: 1. edit the parts under the section '#-- arguments --'. 2. edit the subroutine fileFilterQ to set which file will be checked or skipped. to do: * in the report, print the strings that are changed, possibly with surrounding lines. * allow just find without replace. * add the GNU syntax for unix command prompt. * Report if backup directory exists already, or provide toggle to overwrite, or some other smarties. Date created: 2000/02 Author: Xah =cut #-- modules -- use strict; use File::Find; use File::Path; use File::Copy; use Data::Dumper; #-- arguments -- # the folder to be search on. my $folderPath = q[/Users/t/web/UnixResource_dir]; # this is the backup folder path. my $backupFolderPath = q[/Users/t/xxxb]; my %findReplaceH = ( q[<pre><a href="freebooks.html">back to Unix Pestilence</a><pre>]=>q[<pre>? Back to <a href="freebooks.html">Unix Pestilence</a></pre>], ); # $useRegexQ has values 1 or 0. If 1, inteprets the pairs in %findReplaceH # to be regex. my $useRegexQ = 0; # in bytes. larger files will be skipped my $fileSizeLimit = 500 * 1000; #-- globals -- $folderPath =~ s[/$][]; # e.g. '/home/joe/public_html' $backupFolderPath =~ s[/$][]; # e.g. '/tmp/joe_back'; $folderPath =~ m[/(\w+)$]; my $previousDir = $`; # e.g. '/home/joe' my $lastDir = $1; # e.g. 'public_html' my $backupRoot = $backupFolderPath . '/' . $1; # e.g. '/tmp/joe_back/public_html' my $refLargeFiles = []; my $totalFileChangedCount = 0; #-- subroutines -- # fileFilterQ($fullFilePath) return true if file is desired. sub fileFilterQ ($) { my $fileName = $_[0]; if ((-s $fileName) > $fileSizeLimit) { push (@$refLargeFiles, $fileName); return 0; }; if ($fileName =~ m{\.html$}) { print "processing: $fileName\n"; return 1;}; ## if (-d $fileName) {return 0;}; # directory ## if (not (-T $fileName)) {return 0;}; # not text file return 0; }; # go through each file, accumulate a hash. sub processFile { my $currentFile = $File::Find::name; # full path spect my $currentDir = $File::Find::dir; my $currentFileName = $_; if (not fileFilterQ($currentFile)) { return 1; } # open file. Read in the whole file. if (not(open FILE, "<$currentFile")) {die("Error opening file: $!");}; my $wholeFileString; {local $/ = undef; $wholeFileString = <FILE>;}; if (not(close(FILE))) {die("Error closing file: $!");}; # do the replacement. my $replaceCount = 0; foreach my $key1 (keys %findReplaceH) { my $pattern = ($useRegexQ ? $key1 : quotemeta($key1)); $replaceCount = $replaceCount + ($wholeFileString =~ s/$pattern/$findReplaceH{$key1}/g); }; if ($replaceCount > 0) { # replacement has happened $totalFileChangedCount++; # do backup # make a directory in the backup path, make a backup copy. my $pathAdd = $currentDir; $pathAdd =~ s[$folderPath][]; mkpath("$backupRoot/$pathAdd", 0, 0777); copy($currentFile, "$backupRoot/$pathAdd/$currentFileName") or die "error: file copying file failed on $currentFile\n$!"; # write to the original # get the file mode. my ($mode, $uid, $gid) = (stat($currentFile))[2,4,5]; # write out a new file. if (not(open OUTFILE, ">$currentFile")) {die("Error opening file: $!");}; print OUTFILE $wholeFileString; if (not(close(OUTFILE))) {die("Error closing file: $!");}; # set the file mode. chmod($mode, $currentFile); chown($uid, $gid, $currentFile); print "[EMAIL PROTECTED]"; print "$replaceCount replacements made at\n"; print "$currentFile\n"; } }; #-- main body -- find(\&processFile, $folderPath); print "--------------------------------------------\n\n\n"; print "Total of $totalFileChangedCount files changed.\n"; if (scalar @$refLargeFiles > 0) { print "The following large files are skipped:\n"; print Dumper($refLargeFiles); } __END__ Xah [EMAIL PROTECTED] http://xahlee.org/PageTwo_dir/more.html -- http://mail.python.org/mailman/listinfo/python-list
