New submission from STINNER Victor <vstin...@python.org>:

When Python path configuration is not properly configured, Python fails with an 
error looking like:
---
Fatal Python error: init_fs_encoding: failed to get the Python codec of the 
filesystem encoding
Python runtime state: core initialized
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'encodings'

Current thread 0x00007ff0065b2740 (most recent call first):
<no Python frame>
---

This error is very common and hard to debug. It can happen in various cases for 
various reasons:

* Python is embedded in an application
* PYTHONPATH and/or PYTHONHOME environment variable is set
* pyenv.cfg configuration for virtual environment
* Local .py files which override the standard library

A few examples:

* bpo-38234: Py_SetPath() regression in Python 3.8 which impacts PyInstaller
* https://bugs.python.org/issue35978#msg335363 virtual env
* https://bugs.python.org/issue35969#msg335249 "encodings.py" file in the 
current directory
* 
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/55657593/python-3-8-0a3-failed-to-get-the-python-codec-of-the-filesystem-encoding
 embedded Python
* 
https://askubuntu.com/questions/640010/fatal-python-error-py-initialize-unable-to-get-the-locale-encoding-syntaxe
 Python 3 installed by Anaconda which uses Python 2.7 stdlib because of 
PYTHONPATH
* https://github.com/GNS3/gns3-gui/issues/2267 Python embedded in "gns3"
* https://github.com/JuliaPy/PyCall.jl/issues/410 venv
* https://techglimpse.com/error-executing-python3-5-command-solution/ another 
random error

Attached PR dumps the Python path configuration if importing the Python codec 
of the filesystem encoding fails. In the Python initialization, it's the first 
import which is done.

----------
components: Interpreter Core
messages: 352869
nosy: inada.naoki, ncoghlan, pablogsal, steve.dower, vstinner
priority: normal
severity: normal
status: open
title: Dump the Python path configuration at the first import error
versions: Python 3.9

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Python tracker <rep...@bugs.python.org>
<https://bugs.python.org/issue38236>
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