Nick Coghlan added the comment:

Yeah, I never found a good place to document this, hence the relatively sparse 
references in the "using" docs.

The most complete official docs for these features are actually in runpy:

* https://docs.python.org/3/library/runpy.html#runpy.run_module
* https://docs.python.org/3/library/runpy.html#runpy.run_path

run_module is a thin wrapper around the same core code that actually implements 
the -m switch

run_path is a Python level reimplementation of the __main__ execution logic

There's also 
http://www.curiousefficiency.org/posts/2011/03/what-is-python-script.html on my 
blog and the explanation of the options that need to be supported in PEP 432: 
https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0432/#preparing-the-main-module

A lot of the confusion stems from the fact that directory & zipfile execution 
was added without a PEP back in 2.6 (it was just a normal tracker issue) and we 
forgot to add it to the What's New document. We hoped the inclusion of the 
zipapp module in Python 3.5 via PEP 441 might help resolve that lack of 
awareness, but it doesn't seem to have had much impact.

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