Matthias Klose added the comment:

there is more than one thing addressed with the 'dist-packages' choice of name.

The primary reason is to have a directory where you only find python packages 
as distributed by the linux distribution, and where installers do not install 
to by default.  Even if this directory is non-writable, people did call 'sudo 
python setup.py install', and then did report issues on the Ubuntu tracker 
caused by these installs. Such a vendor place should never be the default to be 
installed to by default.

There is a Debian policy to support /usr/local, and that's the reason you find 
a second directory /usr/local/lib/pythonx.y/dist-packages. A 'sudo python 
setup.py install' installs into this location, distribution maintainers 
providing Debian packages are supposed to call setup.py install 
--install-layout=deb to install into the debian system installation.

At this time Barry still new to distro policies, was surprised to find 
/usr/local/lib/pythonx.y/site-packages being used by the system python, which 
is also used by a local python build which is configured without any --prefix 
parameters. So the system python now uses dist-packages in both /usr and 
/usr/local to not interfere with a local python installation.

Note that for python3, Debian and Ubuntu are trying to share dist-packages 
across python3 versions to ease upgrades from one version to the other, and 
trying to support more than one version during the upgrade (calling that 
/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages).

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<http://bugs.python.org/issue1298835>
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