I wrote:
> I've been sniffing around that patch and not really finding any smoking
> gun about why it would make things slower when you're not using O_DIRECT.

While rewriting the patch to fit more naturally into xlog.c, I found a
bug that might possibly be related to your performance issue.  The
if-test in this fragment is wrong:

        /*
         * If we just wrote the whole last page of a logfile segment,
         * fsync the segment immediately.  This avoids having to go back
         * and re-open prior segments when an fsync request comes along
         * later. Doing it here ensures that one and only one backend will
         * perform this fsync.
         *
         * This is also the right place to notify the Archiver that the
         * segment is ready to copy to archival storage.
         */
        if (openLogOff + pages.size >= XLogSegSize && !ispartialpage)
        {
            XLogPageFlush(&pages, currentIndex);
            issue_xlog_fsync();
            ...

Because of the patch's logic changes, openLogOff is not the right thing
to be examining here --- we have not yet done a seek to ensure that it
matches the write start point.  (pages.offset + pages.size would have
worked instead.)

The implication of this is that the code might either fail to do a write
and fsync when it needs to, or do extra fsyncs that it doesn't need to
do.  I am wondering if the latter could explain your issue.  Right
offhand it doesn't seem like this would lead to enough extra fsyncs
to account for the amount of slowdown you report --- but there just
doesn't seem to be anything else in there that could account for it.

I've committed a patch that fixes this and makes some other minor
improvements (which you probably won't notice given that you're using
such a large wal_buffers setting).  You might like to update to CVS
tip (make sure you get xlog.c 1.218 or later) and see if things are
any better or not.

                        regards, tom lane

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