Hi
This is my first attempt to hack PostgreSQL (even C actually), so bear
over with obvious mistakes done.
I've had a wish to be able to teach Postgres a bit more about how to
store its data on disk. Our systems is a typical web-based system where
all access more or less can be devided into 2 categories:
"List view" .. which is overview, counts, aggregates on simple values
with 50..200 rows per page and
"details views" which is more or less all data from a single rows
combined with aggregates of relations and similar.
Bases on this knowledge I know that there is a significant amount of
data stored "inline" in tuples and being read of disk for the listing
that is "never needed". At the moment it'll try to compress an get below
pagesize/4 ~ 2KB/tuple before it gets out to TOASTING the large tables.
Looking at the current implementation it seems to "do the right thing"
since the "large, variable length" attributes are the "most likely" to
not be shown on listing pages anyway, but it is not aggressive enough
(in my view for all common web-things), so this patch tries to make
TOAST_TUPLES_PER_PAGE per table configurable (the desired tuple-density
on the main storage).
This patch enables users to set TOAST_TUPLES_PER_PAGE with
ALTER TABLE <table> SET (tuples_per_page = X); .. currently with 1 <= X
<= 32;
ftstest=# create table testtext8(id SERIAL,col text) with
(tuples_per_page=8);
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "testtext8_id_seq"
for serial column "testtext8.id"
CREATE TABLE
ftstest=# create table testtext2(id SERIAL,col text) with
(tuples_per_page=2);
NOTICE: CREATE TABLE will create implicit sequence "testtext2_id_seq"
for serial column "testtext2.id"
CREATE TABLE
ftstest=# insert into testtext8(col) (select (select
array_to_string(array_agg(chr((random()*95+30)::integer)),'') from
generate_series(1,3000)) as testtext from generate_series(1,50000));
INSERT 0 50000
ftstest=# insert into testtext2(col) (select (select
array_to_string(array_agg(chr((random()*95+30)::integer)),'') from
generate_series(1,3000)) as testtext from generate_series(1,50000));
INSERT 0 50000
ftstest=# \timing
### Here i stop PG and echo 3 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches
ftstest=# select count(id) from testtext2;
FATAL: terminating connection due to administrator command
server closed the connection unexpectedly
This probably means the server terminated abnormally
before or while processing the request.
The connection to the server was lost. Attempting reset: Succeeded.
ftstest=# select count(id) from testtext2;
count
-------
50000
(1 row)
Time: 4613.044 ms
ftstest=# select count(id) from testtext8;
count
-------
50000
(1 row)
Time: 318.743 ms
This obviously comes with a drawback if I actually "Need" the data.
ftstest=# select max(length(col)) from testtext2;
max
------
3000
(1 row)
Time: 1445.016 ms
ftstest=# select max(length(col)) from testtext8;
max
------
3000
(1 row)
Time: 4184.994 ms
relation | size
---------------------------------+------------
pg_toast.pg_toast_1450869 | 195 MB
public.testtext2 | 195 MB
public.testtext8 | 2552 kB
No documentation on the patch. I'll do that a bit later.
Generally speaking.. if you have some knowledge about the access
patterns of your data then this patch can enable you to teach postgresql
to take advantage of that. In my situation I would estimate that the
production set would be able to drop a couple of GB from main memory
(leaving room for more index-pages and such).
Thanks in advance.
--
Jesper Krogh
diff -rc ../postgresql-8.5alpha3.orig/src/backend/access/common/reloptions.c ./src/backend/access/common/reloptions.c
*** ../postgresql-8.5alpha3.orig/src/backend/access/common/reloptions.c 2009-08-27 19:18:44.000000000 +0200
--- ./src/backend/access/common/reloptions.c 2010-02-01 21:12:41.000000000 +0100
***************
*** 15,20 ****
--- 15,21 ----
#include "postgres.h"
+ #include "access/tuptoaster.h"
#include "access/gist_private.h"
#include "access/hash.h"
#include "access/nbtree.h"
***************
*** 157,162 ****
--- 158,170 ----
RELOPT_KIND_HEAP | RELOPT_KIND_TOAST
}, -1, 0, 2000000000
},
+ {
+ {
+ "tuples_per_page",
+ "Desired number of tuples per page (worst-case)",
+ RELOPT_KIND_HEAP
+ },TOAST_TUPLES_PER_PAGE , 1,32
+ },
/* list terminator */
{{NULL}}
};
***************
*** 1074,1079 ****
--- 1082,1088 ----
int numoptions;
static const relopt_parse_elt tab[] = {
{"fillfactor", RELOPT_TYPE_INT, offsetof(StdRdOptions, fillfactor)},
+ {"tuples_per_page", RELOPT_TYPE_INT, offsetof(StdRdOptions, tuples_per_page)},
{"autovacuum_enabled", RELOPT_TYPE_BOOL,
offsetof(StdRdOptions, autovacuum) +offsetof(AutoVacOpts, enabled)},
{"autovacuum_vacuum_threshold", RELOPT_TYPE_INT,
diff -rc ../postgresql-8.5alpha3.orig/src/backend/access/heap/tuptoaster.c ./src/backend/access/heap/tuptoaster.c
*** ../postgresql-8.5alpha3.orig/src/backend/access/heap/tuptoaster.c 2009-07-29 22:56:18.000000000 +0200
--- ./src/backend/access/heap/tuptoaster.c 2010-02-01 21:56:29.000000000 +0100
***************
*** 594,600 ****
hoff = MAXALIGN(hoff);
Assert(hoff == newtup->t_data->t_hoff);
/* now convert to a limit on the tuple data size */
! maxDataLen = TOAST_TUPLE_TARGET - hoff;
/*
* Look for attributes with attstorage 'x' to compress. Also find large
--- 594,602 ----
hoff = MAXALIGN(hoff);
Assert(hoff == newtup->t_data->t_hoff);
/* now convert to a limit on the tuple data size */
!
!
! maxDataLen = MaximumBytesPerTuple(RelationGetTuplesPerPage(rel,TOAST_TUPLES_PER_PAGE)) - hoff;
/*
* Look for attributes with attstorage 'x' to compress. Also find large
diff -rc ../postgresql-8.5alpha3.orig/src/include/utils/rel.h ./src/include/utils/rel.h
*** ../postgresql-8.5alpha3.orig/src/include/utils/rel.h 2009-12-07 06:22:23.000000000 +0100
--- ./src/include/utils/rel.h 2010-02-01 21:33:55.000000000 +0100
***************
*** 239,250 ****
--- 239,258 ----
{
int32 vl_len_; /* varlena header (do not touch directly!) */
int fillfactor; /* page fill factor in percent (0..100) */
+ int tuples_per_page;
AutoVacOpts autovacuum; /* autovacuum-related options */
} StdRdOptions;
#define HEAP_MIN_FILLFACTOR 10
#define HEAP_DEFAULT_FILLFACTOR 100
+ /* RelationGetTuplesPerPage
+ * Returns the desirec number of tuples per page.
+ */
+ #define RelationGetTuplesPerPage(relation,defaulttpp) \
+ ((relation)->rd_options ? \
+ ((StdRdOptions *) (relation)->rd_options)->tuples_per_page : (defaulttpp))
+
/*
* RelationGetFillFactor
* Returns the relation's fillfactor. Note multiple eval of argument!
--
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