The following review has been posted through the commitfest application:
make installcheck-world:  tested, failed
Implements feature:       not tested
Spec compliant:           not tested
Documentation:            tested, failed

I am hoping I am not out of order in writing this before the commitfest starts. 
 The patch is big and long and so wanted to start on this while traffic is slow.

I find this patch quite welcome and very close to a minimum viable version.  
The few significant limitations can be resolved later.  One thing I may have 
missed in the documentation is a discussion of the limits of the current 
approach.  I think this would be important to document because the caveats of 
the current approach are significant, but the people who need it will have the 
knowledge to work with issues if they come up.

The major caveat I see in our past discussions and (if I read the patch 
correctly) is that the resolver goes through global transactions sequentially 
and does not move on to the next until the previous one is resolved.  This 
means that if I have a global transaction on server A, with foreign servers B 
and C, and I have another one on server A with foreign servers C and D, if 
server B goes down at the wrong moment, the background worker does not look 
like it will detect the failure and move on to try to resolve the second, so 
server D will have a badly set vacuum horizon until this is resolved.  Also if 
I read the patch correctly, it looks like one can invoke SQL commands to remove 
the bad transaction to allow processing to continue and manual resolution (this 
is good and necessary because in this area there is no ability to have perfect 
recoverability without occasional administrative action).  I would really like 
to see more documentation of failure cases and appropriate administrative 
action at present.  Otherwise this is I think a minimum viable addition and I 
think we want it.

It is possible i missed that in the documentation.  If so, my objection stands 
aside.  If it is welcome I am happy to take a first crack at such docs.

To my mind thats the only blocker in the code (but see below).  I can say 
without a doubt that I would expect we would use this feature once available.

------------------

Testing however failed.

make installcheck-world fails with errors like the following:

 -- Modify foreign server and raise an error
  BEGIN;
  INSERT INTO ft7_twophase VALUES(8);
+ ERROR:  prepread foreign transactions are disabled
+ HINT:  Set max_prepared_foreign_transactions to a nonzero value.
  INSERT INTO ft8_twophase VALUES(NULL); -- violation
! ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of 
transaction block
  ROLLBACK;
  SELECT * FROM ft7_twophase;
! ERROR:  prepread foreign transactions are disabled
! HINT:  Set max_prepared_foreign_transactions to a nonzero value.
  SELECT * FROM ft8_twophase;
! ERROR:  prepread foreign transactions are disabled
! HINT:  Set max_prepared_foreign_transactions to a nonzero value.
  -- Rollback foreign transaction that involves both 2PC-capable
  -- and 2PC-non-capable foreign servers.
  BEGIN;
  INSERT INTO ft8_twophase VALUES(7);
+ ERROR:  prepread foreign transactions are disabled
+ HINT:  Set max_prepared_foreign_transactions to a nonzero value.
  INSERT INTO ft9_not_twophase VALUES(7);
+ ERROR:  current transaction is aborted, commands ignored until end of 
transaction block
  ROLLBACK;
  SELECT * FROM ft8_twophase;
! ERROR:  prepread foreign transactions are disabled
! HINT:  Set max_prepared_foreign_transactions to a nonzero value.

make installcheck in the contrib directory shows the same, so that's the 
easiest way of reproducing, at least on a new installation.  I think the test 
cases will have to handle that sort of setup.

make check in the contrib directory passes.

For reasons of test failures, I am setting this back to waiting on author.

------------------
I had a few other thoughts that I figure are worth sharing with the community 
on this patch with the idea that once it is in place, this may open up more 
options for collaboration in the area of federated and distributed storage 
generally.  I could imagine other foreign data wrappers using this API, and 
folks might want to refactor out the atomic handling part so that extensions 
that do not use the foreign data wrapper structure could use it as well (while 
this looks like a classic SQL/MED issue, I am not sure that only foreign data 
wrappers would be interested in the API.

The new status of this patch is: Waiting on Author

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