On Tue, Oct 15, 2024 at 05:59:05PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> Bruce Momjian <br...@momjian.us> writes:
> > On Tue, Oct 15, 2024 at 05:27:49PM -0400, Tom Lane wrote:
> >> That policy would cause substantial problems with contributor names
> >> in the release notes.  I agree with Peter that we don't need this.
> >> Catching otherwise-invisible characters seems sufficient.
> 
> > Uh, why can't we use HTML entities going forward?  Is that harder?
> 
> Yes: it requires looking up the entities.  The mail you are probably
> consulting to make a release note or commit message is most likely
> just going to contain the person's name as normally spelled.
> 
> Plus (as you pointed out earlier today) there aren't HTML entities for
> all characters.
> 
> > Can we just exclude the release notes from this check?
> 
> What is the point of a check we can only enforce against part of the
> documentation?

If people are uncomfortable with a hard requirement, we can convert the
Latin-1 we have now to HTML entities, and then just give people a
command in README.non-ASCII to check for UTF8 if they wish.  Patch
attached.

-- 
  Bruce Momjian  <br...@momjian.us>        https://momjian.us
  EDB                                      https://enterprisedb.com

  When a patient asks the doctor, "Am I going to die?", he means 
  "Am I going to die soon?"
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/Makefile b/doc/src/sgml/Makefile
index 65ed32cd0ab..ad5796819b9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/Makefile
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/Makefile
@@ -143,11 +143,12 @@ postgres.txt: postgres.html
 ## Print
 ##
 
-postgres.pdf:
+postgres.pdf pdf:
 	$(error Invalid target;  use postgres-A4.pdf or postgres-US.pdf as targets)
 
 XSLTPROC_FO_FLAGS += --stringparam img.src.path '$(srcdir)/'
 
+# XSL Formatting Objects (FO), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSL_Formatting_Objects
 %-A4.fo: stylesheet-fo.xsl %-full.xml
 	$(XSLTPROC) $(XMLINCLUDE) $(XSLTPROCFLAGS) $(XSLTPROC_FO_FLAGS) --stringparam paper.type A4 -o $@ $^
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/README.non-ASCII b/doc/src/sgml/README.non-ASCII
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..9c21e02e8f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/README.non-ASCII
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+<!-- doc/src/sgml/README.non-ASCII -->
+
+Representation of non-ASCII characters
+--------------------------------------
+
+Find non-ASCII characters using:
+
+        grep --recursive --color='auto' -P '[\x80-\xFF]' .
+
+Convert to HTML4 named entity (&) escapes
+-----------------------------------------
+
+We support several output formats:
+
+*  html (supports all Unicode characters)
+*  man (supports all Unicode characters)
+*  pdf (supports only Latin-1 characters)
+*  info
+
+While some output formatting tools support all Unicode characters,
+others only support Latin-1 characters.  Specifically, the PDF rendering
+engine can only display Latin-1 characters;  non-Latin-1 Unicode
+characters are displayed as "###".
+
+Therefore, in the SGML files, we only use Latin-1 characters.  We
+typically encode these characters as HTML entities, e.g., &Aacute;lvaro.
+It is also possible to safely represent Latin-1 characters in UTF8
+encoding for all output formats.
+
+Do not use UTF numeric character escapes (&#nnn;).
+
+HTML entities
+        official:      http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/sgml/entities.html
+        one page:      http://www.zipcon.net/~swhite/docs/computers/browsers/entities_page.html
+        other lists:   http://www.zipcon.net/~swhite/docs/computers/browsers/entities.html
+                       http://www.zipcon.net/~swhite/docs/computers/browsers/entities_page.html
+                       https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/charset.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/charset.sgml
index 1ef5322b912..f5e115e8d6e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/charset.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/charset.sgml
@@ -1225,7 +1225,7 @@ CREATE COLLATION ignore_accents (provider = icu, locale = 'und-u-ks-level1-kc-tr
 <programlisting>
 -- ignore differences in accents and case
 CREATE COLLATION ignore_accent_case (provider = icu, deterministic = false, locale = 'und-u-ks-level1');
-SELECT 'Å' = 'A' COLLATE ignore_accent_case; -- true
+SELECT '&Aring;' = 'A' COLLATE ignore_accent_case; -- true
 SELECT 'z' = 'Z' COLLATE ignore_accent_case; -- true
 
 -- upper case letters sort before lower case.
@@ -1282,7 +1282,7 @@ SELECT 'w;x*y-z' = 'wxyz' COLLATE num_ignore_punct; -- true
          <entry><literal>'ab' = U&amp;'a\2063b'</literal></entry>
          <entry><literal>'x-y' = 'x_y'</literal></entry>
          <entry><literal>'g' = 'G'</literal></entry>
-         <entry><literal>'n' = 'ñ'</literal></entry>
+         <entry><literal>'n' = '&ntilde;'</literal></entry>
          <entry><literal>'y' = 'z'</literal></entry>
         </row>
        </thead>
@@ -1346,7 +1346,7 @@ SELECT 'w;x*y-z' = 'wxyz' COLLATE num_ignore_punct; -- true
 
     <para>
      At every level, even with full normalization off, basic normalization is
-     performed. For example, <literal>'á'</literal> may be composed of the
+     performed. For example, <literal>'&aacute;'</literal> may be composed of the
      code points <literal>U&amp;'\0061\0301'</literal> or the single code
      point <literal>U&amp;'\00E1'</literal>, and those sequences will be
      considered equal even at the <literal>identic</literal> level. To treat
@@ -1430,8 +1430,8 @@ SELECT 'x-y' = 'x_y' COLLATE level4; -- false
          <entry><literal>false</literal></entry>
          <entry>
           Backwards comparison for the level 2 differences. For example,
-          locale <literal>und-u-kb</literal> sorts <literal>'àe'</literal>
-          before <literal>'aé'</literal>.
+          locale <literal>und-u-kb</literal> sorts <literal>'&agrave;e'</literal>
+          before <literal>'a&eacute;'</literal>.
          </entry>
         </row>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/images/genetic-algorithm.svg b/doc/src/sgml/images/genetic-algorithm.svg
index fb9fdd1ba78..2ce5f1b2712 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/images/genetic-algorithm.svg
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/images/genetic-algorithm.svg
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
 <title>a4-&gt;end</title>
 <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M259,-312.5834C259,-312.5834 259,-54.659 259,-54.659"/>
 <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="262.5001,-54.659 259,-44.659 255.5001,-54.6591 262.5001,-54.659"/>
-<text text-anchor="middle" x="246" y="-186.6212" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10.00" fill="#000000">true  </text>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="246" y="-186.6212" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10.00" fill="#000000">true</text>
 </g>
 <!-- a5 -->
 <g id="node7" class="node">
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@
 <title>a4-&gt;a5</title>
 <path fill="none" stroke="#000000" d="M144,-298.269C144,-298.269 144,-286.5248 144,-286.5248"/>
 <polygon fill="#000000" stroke="#000000" points="147.5001,-286.5248 144,-276.5248 140.5001,-286.5249 147.5001,-286.5248"/>
-<text text-anchor="middle" x="127" y="-284.3969" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10.00" fill="#000000">false   </text>
+<text text-anchor="middle" x="127" y="-284.3969" font-family="sans-serif" font-size="10.00" fill="#000000">false</text>
 </g>
 <!-- a6 -->
 <g id="node8" class="node">
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml
index 8433690dead..cee577ff8d3 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/release.sgml
@@ -16,24 +16,6 @@ pg_[A-Za-z0-9_]+                <application>, <structname>
 \<[a-z]+_[a-z_]+\>              <varname>, <structfield>
                                 <systemitem class="osname">
 
-non-ASCII characters            find using grep -P '[\x80-\xFF]' or
-                                  (remove 'X') grep -X-color='auto' -P -n "[\x80-\xFF]"
-                                convert to HTML4 named entity (&) escapes
-
-        official:      http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/sgml/entities.html
-        one page:      http://www.zipcon.net/~swhite/docs/computers/browsers/entities_page.html
-        other lists:   http://www.zipcon.net/~swhite/docs/computers/browsers/entities.html
-                       http://www.zipcon.net/~swhite/docs/computers/browsers/entities_page.html
-                       https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references
-
-        We cannot use UTF8 because rendering engines have to
-        support the referenced characters.
-
-        Do not use numeric _UTF_ numeric character escapes (&#nnn;),
-        we can only use Latin1.
-
-        Example: Alvaro Herrera is &Aacute;lvaro Herrera
-
 wrap long lines
 
 For new features, add links to the documentation sections.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/stylesheet-man.xsl b/doc/src/sgml/stylesheet-man.xsl
index fcb485c2931..2e2564da683 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/stylesheet-man.xsl
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/stylesheet-man.xsl
@@ -213,12 +213,12 @@
     <!-- Slight rephrasing to indicate that missing sections are found
          in the documentation. -->
     <l:context name="xref-number-and-title">
-      <l:template name="chapter" text="Chapter %n, %t, in the documentation"/>
-      <l:template name="sect1" text="Section %n, “%t”, in the documentation"/>
-      <l:template name="sect2" text="Section %n, “%t”, in the documentation"/>
-      <l:template name="sect3" text="Section %n, “%t”, in the documentation"/>
-      <l:template name="sect4" text="Section %n, “%t”, in the documentation"/>
-      <l:template name="sect5" text="Section %n, “%t”, in the documentation"/>
+      <l:template name="chapter" text="Chapter %n, &quot;%t&quot;, in the documentation"/>
+      <l:template name="sect1" text="Section %n, &quot;%t&quot;, in the documentation"/>
+      <l:template name="sect2" text="Section %n, &quot;%t&quot;, in the documentation"/>
+      <l:template name="sect3" text="Section %n, &quot;%t&quot;, in the documentation"/>
+      <l:template name="sect4" text="Section %n, &quot;%t&quot;, in the documentation"/>
+      <l:template name="sect5" text="Section %n, &quot;%t&quot;, in the documentation"/>
     </l:context>
   </l:l10n>
 </l:i18n>

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