pg_check_frozen() reports corrupted VM freeze state. Found with one of my stress tests. Simplified to the repro below.
The reason for the 33 rows/pages is that I wanted to test if a 2nd vacuum freeze repaired the situation. I was confounded till I discovered SKIP_PAGES_THRESHOLD was 32. My analysis is that heap_prepare_freeze_tuple->FreezeMultiXactId() returns FRM_NOOP if the MultiXACT locked rows haven't committed. This results in changed=false and totally_frozen=true(as initialized). When this returns to lazy_scan_heap(), no rows are added to the frozen[] array. Yet, tuple_totally_frozen is true. This means the page is marked frozen in the VM, even though the MultiXACT row wasn't left untouch. A fix to heap_prepare_freeze_tuple() that seems to do the trick is: else { Assert(flags & FRM_NOOP); + totally_frozen = false; } BASH script repro below: #!/bin/bash p="psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 postgres" echo "create extension pg_visibility;" | $p $p <<XXX drop table t; create table t (i int primary key, c char(7777)); alter table t alter column c set storage plain; insert into t select generate_series(0, 32, 1), 'XXX'; XXX # Start two share lockers in the background $p <<XXX >/dev/null & begin; select i, length(c) from t for share; select pg_sleep(2); commit; XXX $p <<XXX >/dev/null & begin; select i, length(c) from t for share; select pg_sleep(2); commit; XXX # Freeze while multixact locks are held echo "vacuum freeze t;" | $p echo "select pg_check_frozen('t');" | $p sleep 4; # Wait for share locks to be released # See if another freeze corrects the problem echo "vacuum freeze t;" | $p echo "select pg_check_frozen('t');" | $p