On Mon, Apr 11, 2022 at 01:44:42PM -0700, Nathan Bossart wrote:
> On Mon, Apr 11, 2022 at 04:36:36PM -0400, Robert Haas wrote:
>> If we throw an error while defining_custom_guc is true, how will it
>> ever again become false?
> 
> Ah, I knew I was forgetting something this morning.
> 
> It won't, but the only place it is presently needed is when loading
> shared_preload_libraries, so I believe startup will fail anyway.  However,
> I can see defining_custom_guc being used elsewhere, so that is probably not
> good enough.  Another approach could be to add a static
> set_config_option_internal() function with a boolean argument to indicate
> whether it is being used while defining a custom GUC.  I'll adjust 0003
> with that approach unless a better idea prevails.

Here's a new patch set.  I've only changed 0003 as described above.  My
apologies for the unnecessary round trip.

-- 
Nathan Bossart
Amazon Web Services: https://aws.amazon.com
>From 9ffd0af3215eb667a9df53df3ff43a063bfc2818 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nathandboss...@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Apr 2022 15:51:07 -0700
Subject: [PATCH v2 1/3] Revert GetMaxBackends().

This reverts commits 0147fc7, 4567596, aa64f23, and 5ecd018.
---
 src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c        |  4 +-
 src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c      | 31 +++-----
 src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c       |  3 +-
 src/backend/commands/async.c                | 12 ++-
 src/backend/libpq/pqcomm.c                  |  3 +-
 src/backend/postmaster/auxprocess.c         |  2 +-
 src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c         | 14 ++--
 src/backend/storage/ipc/dsm.c               |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c         | 25 ++----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c        | 37 ++++-----
 src/backend/storage/ipc/sinvaladt.c         |  4 +-
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/deadlock.c         | 31 ++++----
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c             | 23 +++---
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/predicate.c        | 10 +--
 src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c             | 17 ++--
 src/backend/utils/activity/backend_status.c | 88 ++++++++++-----------
 src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c           |  5 +-
 src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c           | 55 +++----------
 src/include/miscadmin.h                     |  3 +-
 19 files changed, 142 insertions(+), 227 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c
index 96c72fc432..fd1b53885c 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c
@@ -2072,7 +2072,7 @@ BTreeShmemSize(void)
 	Size		size;
 
 	size = offsetof(BTVacInfo, vacuums);
-	size = add_size(size, mul_size(GetMaxBackends(), sizeof(BTOneVacInfo)));
+	size = add_size(size, mul_size(MaxBackends, sizeof(BTOneVacInfo)));
 	return size;
 }
 
@@ -2101,7 +2101,7 @@ BTreeShmemInit(void)
 		btvacinfo->cycle_ctr = (BTCycleId) time(NULL);
 
 		btvacinfo->num_vacuums = 0;
-		btvacinfo->max_vacuums = GetMaxBackends();
+		btvacinfo->max_vacuums = MaxBackends;
 	}
 	else
 		Assert(found);
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c b/src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c
index 45907d1b44..8f7d12950e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/multixact.c
@@ -282,11 +282,12 @@ typedef struct MultiXactStateData
 } MultiXactStateData;
 
 /*
- * Pointers to the state data in shared memory
- *
- * The index of the last element of the OldestMemberMXactId and
- * OldestVisibleMXactId arrays can be obtained with GetMaxOldestSlot().
+ * Last element of OldestMemberMXactId and OldestVisibleMXactId arrays.
+ * Valid elements are (1..MaxOldestSlot); element 0 is never used.
  */
+#define MaxOldestSlot	(MaxBackends + max_prepared_xacts)
+
+/* Pointers to the state data in shared memory */
 static MultiXactStateData *MultiXactState;
 static MultiXactId *OldestMemberMXactId;
 static MultiXactId *OldestVisibleMXactId;
@@ -341,7 +342,6 @@ static void MultiXactIdSetOldestVisible(void);
 static void RecordNewMultiXact(MultiXactId multi, MultiXactOffset offset,
 							   int nmembers, MultiXactMember *members);
 static MultiXactId GetNewMultiXactId(int nmembers, MultiXactOffset *offset);
-static inline int GetMaxOldestSlot(void);
 
 /* MultiXact cache management */
 static int	mxactMemberComparator(const void *arg1, const void *arg2);
@@ -662,17 +662,6 @@ MultiXactIdSetOldestMember(void)
 	}
 }
 
-/*
- * Retrieve the index of the last element of the OldestMemberMXactId and
- * OldestVisibleMXactId arrays.  Valid elements are (1..MaxOldestSlot); element
- * 0 is never used.
- */
-static inline int
-GetMaxOldestSlot(void)
-{
-	return GetMaxBackends() + max_prepared_xacts;
-}
-
 /*
  * MultiXactIdSetOldestVisible
  *		Save the oldest MultiXactId this transaction considers possibly live.
@@ -695,7 +684,6 @@ MultiXactIdSetOldestVisible(void)
 	if (!MultiXactIdIsValid(OldestVisibleMXactId[MyBackendId]))
 	{
 		MultiXactId oldestMXact;
-		int			maxOldestSlot = GetMaxOldestSlot();
 		int			i;
 
 		LWLockAcquire(MultiXactGenLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
@@ -709,7 +697,7 @@ MultiXactIdSetOldestVisible(void)
 		if (oldestMXact < FirstMultiXactId)
 			oldestMXact = FirstMultiXactId;
 
-		for (i = 1; i <= maxOldestSlot; i++)
+		for (i = 1; i <= MaxOldestSlot; i++)
 		{
 			MultiXactId thisoldest = OldestMemberMXactId[i];
 
@@ -1843,7 +1831,7 @@ MultiXactShmemSize(void)
 	/* We need 2*MaxOldestSlot + 1 perBackendXactIds[] entries */
 #define SHARED_MULTIXACT_STATE_SIZE \
 	add_size(offsetof(MultiXactStateData, perBackendXactIds) + sizeof(MultiXactId), \
-			 mul_size(sizeof(MultiXactId) * 2, GetMaxOldestSlot()))
+			 mul_size(sizeof(MultiXactId) * 2, MaxOldestSlot))
 
 	size = SHARED_MULTIXACT_STATE_SIZE;
 	size = add_size(size, SimpleLruShmemSize(NUM_MULTIXACTOFFSET_BUFFERS, 0));
@@ -1894,7 +1882,7 @@ MultiXactShmemInit(void)
 	 * since we only use indexes 1..MaxOldestSlot in each array.
 	 */
 	OldestMemberMXactId = MultiXactState->perBackendXactIds;
-	OldestVisibleMXactId = OldestMemberMXactId + GetMaxOldestSlot();
+	OldestVisibleMXactId = OldestMemberMXactId + MaxOldestSlot;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -2519,7 +2507,6 @@ GetOldestMultiXactId(void)
 {
 	MultiXactId oldestMXact;
 	MultiXactId nextMXact;
-	int			maxOldestSlot = GetMaxOldestSlot();
 	int			i;
 
 	/*
@@ -2538,7 +2525,7 @@ GetOldestMultiXactId(void)
 		nextMXact = FirstMultiXactId;
 
 	oldestMXact = nextMXact;
-	for (i = 1; i <= maxOldestSlot; i++)
+	for (i = 1; i <= MaxOldestSlot; i++)
 	{
 		MultiXactId thisoldest;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c b/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c
index 7632596008..dc0266693e 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/twophase.c
@@ -264,7 +264,6 @@ TwoPhaseShmemInit(void)
 	{
 		GlobalTransaction gxacts;
 		int			i;
-		int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 		Assert(!found);
 		TwoPhaseState->freeGXacts = NULL;
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@ TwoPhaseShmemInit(void)
 			 * prepared transaction. Currently multixact.c uses that
 			 * technique.
 			 */
-			gxacts[i].dummyBackendId = max_backends + 1 + i;
+			gxacts[i].dummyBackendId = MaxBackends + 1 + i;
 		}
 	}
 	else
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/async.c b/src/backend/commands/async.c
index 455d895a44..3e1b92df03 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/async.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/async.c
@@ -518,7 +518,7 @@ AsyncShmemSize(void)
 	Size		size;
 
 	/* This had better match AsyncShmemInit */
-	size = mul_size(GetMaxBackends() + 1, sizeof(QueueBackendStatus));
+	size = mul_size(MaxBackends + 1, sizeof(QueueBackendStatus));
 	size = add_size(size, offsetof(AsyncQueueControl, backend));
 
 	size = add_size(size, SimpleLruShmemSize(NUM_NOTIFY_BUFFERS, 0));
@@ -534,7 +534,6 @@ AsyncShmemInit(void)
 {
 	bool		found;
 	Size		size;
-	int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 	/*
 	 * Create or attach to the AsyncQueueControl structure.
@@ -542,7 +541,7 @@ AsyncShmemInit(void)
 	 * The used entries in the backend[] array run from 1 to MaxBackends; the
 	 * zero'th entry is unused but must be allocated.
 	 */
-	size = mul_size(max_backends + 1, sizeof(QueueBackendStatus));
+	size = mul_size(MaxBackends + 1, sizeof(QueueBackendStatus));
 	size = add_size(size, offsetof(AsyncQueueControl, backend));
 
 	asyncQueueControl = (AsyncQueueControl *)
@@ -557,7 +556,7 @@ AsyncShmemInit(void)
 		QUEUE_FIRST_LISTENER = InvalidBackendId;
 		asyncQueueControl->lastQueueFillWarn = 0;
 		/* zero'th entry won't be used, but let's initialize it anyway */
-		for (int i = 0; i <= max_backends; i++)
+		for (int i = 0; i <= MaxBackends; i++)
 		{
 			QUEUE_BACKEND_PID(i) = InvalidPid;
 			QUEUE_BACKEND_DBOID(i) = InvalidOid;
@@ -1633,7 +1632,6 @@ SignalBackends(void)
 	int32	   *pids;
 	BackendId  *ids;
 	int			count;
-	int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 	/*
 	 * Identify backends that we need to signal.  We don't want to send
@@ -1643,8 +1641,8 @@ SignalBackends(void)
 	 * XXX in principle these pallocs could fail, which would be bad. Maybe
 	 * preallocate the arrays?  They're not that large, though.
 	 */
-	pids = (int32 *) palloc(max_backends * sizeof(int32));
-	ids = (BackendId *) palloc(max_backends * sizeof(BackendId));
+	pids = (int32 *) palloc(MaxBackends * sizeof(int32));
+	ids = (BackendId *) palloc(MaxBackends * sizeof(BackendId));
 	count = 0;
 
 	LWLockAcquire(NotifyQueueLock, LW_EXCLUSIVE);
diff --git a/src/backend/libpq/pqcomm.c b/src/backend/libpq/pqcomm.c
index 7d3dc2a51f..03cdc72b40 100644
--- a/src/backend/libpq/pqcomm.c
+++ b/src/backend/libpq/pqcomm.c
@@ -334,7 +334,6 @@ StreamServerPort(int family, const char *hostName, unsigned short portNumber,
 	struct addrinfo hint;
 	int			listen_index = 0;
 	int			added = 0;
-	int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 #ifdef HAVE_UNIX_SOCKETS
 	char		unixSocketPath[MAXPGPATH];
@@ -557,7 +556,7 @@ StreamServerPort(int family, const char *hostName, unsigned short portNumber,
 		 * intended to provide a clamp on the request on platforms where an
 		 * overly large request provokes a kernel error (are there any?).
 		 */
-		maxconn = max_backends * 2;
+		maxconn = MaxBackends * 2;
 		if (maxconn > PG_SOMAXCONN)
 			maxconn = PG_SOMAXCONN;
 
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/auxprocess.c b/src/backend/postmaster/auxprocess.c
index 0587e45920..39ac4490db 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/auxprocess.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/auxprocess.c
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ AuxiliaryProcessMain(AuxProcType auxtype)
 	 * This will need rethinking if we ever want more than one of a particular
 	 * auxiliary process type.
 	 */
-	ProcSignalInit(GetMaxBackends() + MyAuxProcType + 1);
+	ProcSignalInit(MaxBackends + MyAuxProcType + 1);
 
 	/*
 	 * Auxiliary processes don't run transactions, but they may need a
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
index 3535e9e47d..3dcaf8a4a5 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
@@ -1005,8 +1005,10 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
 	LocalProcessControlFile(false);
 
 	/*
-	 * Register the apply launcher.  It's probably a good idea to call this
-	 * before any modules had a chance to take the background worker slots.
+	 * Register the apply launcher.  Since it registers a background worker,
+	 * it needs to be called before InitializeMaxBackends(), and it's probably
+	 * a good idea to call it before any modules had chance to take the
+	 * background worker slots.
 	 */
 	ApplyLauncherRegister();
 
@@ -1027,8 +1029,8 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
 #endif
 
 	/*
-	 * Now that loadable modules have had their chance to alter any GUCs,
-	 * calculate MaxBackends.
+	 * Now that loadable modules have had their chance to register background
+	 * workers, calculate MaxBackends.
 	 */
 	InitializeMaxBackends();
 
@@ -6142,7 +6144,7 @@ save_backend_variables(BackendParameters *param, Port *port,
 	param->query_id_enabled = query_id_enabled;
 	param->max_safe_fds = max_safe_fds;
 
-	param->MaxBackends = GetMaxBackends();
+	param->MaxBackends = MaxBackends;
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 	param->PostmasterHandle = PostmasterHandle;
@@ -6375,7 +6377,7 @@ restore_backend_variables(BackendParameters *param, Port *port)
 	query_id_enabled = param->query_id_enabled;
 	max_safe_fds = param->max_safe_fds;
 
-	SetMaxBackends(param->MaxBackends);
+	MaxBackends = param->MaxBackends;
 
 #ifdef WIN32
 	PostmasterHandle = param->PostmasterHandle;
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/dsm.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/dsm.c
index ce6f07d4c5..9d86bbe872 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/dsm.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/dsm.c
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ dsm_postmaster_startup(PGShmemHeader *shim)
 
 	/* Determine size for new control segment. */
 	maxitems = PG_DYNSHMEM_FIXED_SLOTS
-		+ PG_DYNSHMEM_SLOTS_PER_BACKEND * GetMaxBackends();
+		+ PG_DYNSHMEM_SLOTS_PER_BACKEND * MaxBackends;
 	elog(DEBUG2, "dynamic shared memory system will support %u segments",
 		 maxitems);
 	segsize = dsm_control_bytes_needed(maxitems);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index e184a3552c..cb39fdde33 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ typedef struct ProcArrayStruct
 	/* oldest catalog xmin of any replication slot */
 	TransactionId replication_slot_catalog_xmin;
 
-	/* indexes into allProcs[], has ProcArrayMaxProcs entries */
+	/* indexes into allProcs[], has PROCARRAY_MAXPROCS entries */
 	int			pgprocnos[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
 } ProcArrayStruct;
 
@@ -355,17 +355,6 @@ static void MaintainLatestCompletedXidRecovery(TransactionId latestXid);
 static inline FullTransactionId FullXidRelativeTo(FullTransactionId rel,
 												  TransactionId xid);
 static void GlobalVisUpdateApply(ComputeXidHorizonsResult *horizons);
-static inline int GetProcArrayMaxProcs(void);
-
-
-/*
- * Retrieve the number of slots in the ProcArray structure.
- */
-static inline int
-GetProcArrayMaxProcs(void)
-{
-	return GetMaxBackends() + max_prepared_xacts;
-}
 
 /*
  * Report shared-memory space needed by CreateSharedProcArray.
@@ -376,8 +365,10 @@ ProcArrayShmemSize(void)
 	Size		size;
 
 	/* Size of the ProcArray structure itself */
+#define PROCARRAY_MAXPROCS	(MaxBackends + max_prepared_xacts)
+
 	size = offsetof(ProcArrayStruct, pgprocnos);
-	size = add_size(size, mul_size(sizeof(int), GetProcArrayMaxProcs()));
+	size = add_size(size, mul_size(sizeof(int), PROCARRAY_MAXPROCS));
 
 	/*
 	 * During Hot Standby processing we have a data structure called
@@ -393,7 +384,7 @@ ProcArrayShmemSize(void)
 	 * shared memory is being set up.
 	 */
 #define TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS \
-	((PGPROC_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + 1) * GetProcArrayMaxProcs())
+	((PGPROC_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS + 1) * PROCARRAY_MAXPROCS)
 
 	if (EnableHotStandby)
 	{
@@ -420,7 +411,7 @@ CreateSharedProcArray(void)
 		ShmemInitStruct("Proc Array",
 						add_size(offsetof(ProcArrayStruct, pgprocnos),
 								 mul_size(sizeof(int),
-										  GetProcArrayMaxProcs())),
+										  PROCARRAY_MAXPROCS)),
 						&found);
 
 	if (!found)
@@ -429,7 +420,7 @@ CreateSharedProcArray(void)
 		 * We're the first - initialize.
 		 */
 		procArray->numProcs = 0;
-		procArray->maxProcs = GetProcArrayMaxProcs();
+		procArray->maxProcs = PROCARRAY_MAXPROCS;
 		procArray->maxKnownAssignedXids = TOTAL_MAX_CACHED_SUBXIDS;
 		procArray->numKnownAssignedXids = 0;
 		procArray->tailKnownAssignedXids = 0;
@@ -4645,7 +4636,7 @@ KnownAssignedXidsCompress(bool force)
 		 */
 		int			nelements = head - tail;
 
-		if (nelements < 4 * GetProcArrayMaxProcs() ||
+		if (nelements < 4 * PROCARRAY_MAXPROCS ||
 			nelements < 2 * pArray->numKnownAssignedXids)
 			return;
 	}
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
index f41563a0a4..00d66902d8 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procsignal.c
@@ -81,6 +81,13 @@ typedef struct
 	ProcSignalSlot psh_slot[FLEXIBLE_ARRAY_MEMBER];
 } ProcSignalHeader;
 
+/*
+ * We reserve a slot for each possible BackendId, plus one for each
+ * possible auxiliary process type.  (This scheme assumes there is not
+ * more than one of any auxiliary process type at a time.)
+ */
+#define NumProcSignalSlots	(MaxBackends + NUM_AUXPROCTYPES)
+
 /* Check whether the relevant type bit is set in the flags. */
 #define BARRIER_SHOULD_CHECK(flags, type) \
 	(((flags) & (((uint32) 1) << (uint32) (type))) != 0)
@@ -95,20 +102,6 @@ static ProcSignalSlot *MyProcSignalSlot = NULL;
 static bool CheckProcSignal(ProcSignalReason reason);
 static void CleanupProcSignalState(int status, Datum arg);
 static void ResetProcSignalBarrierBits(uint32 flags);
-static inline int GetNumProcSignalSlots(void);
-
-/*
- * GetNumProcSignalSlots
- *
- * We reserve a slot for each possible BackendId, plus one for each possible
- * auxiliary process type.  (This scheme assume there is not more than one of
- * any auxiliary process type at a time.)
- */
-static inline int
-GetNumProcSignalSlots(void)
-{
-	return GetMaxBackends() + NUM_AUXPROCTYPES;
-}
 
 /*
  * ProcSignalShmemSize
@@ -119,7 +112,7 @@ ProcSignalShmemSize(void)
 {
 	Size		size;
 
-	size = mul_size(GetNumProcSignalSlots(), sizeof(ProcSignalSlot));
+	size = mul_size(NumProcSignalSlots, sizeof(ProcSignalSlot));
 	size = add_size(size, offsetof(ProcSignalHeader, psh_slot));
 	return size;
 }
@@ -133,7 +126,6 @@ ProcSignalShmemInit(void)
 {
 	Size		size = ProcSignalShmemSize();
 	bool		found;
-	int			numProcSignalSlots = GetNumProcSignalSlots();
 
 	ProcSignal = (ProcSignalHeader *)
 		ShmemInitStruct("ProcSignal", size, &found);
@@ -145,7 +137,7 @@ ProcSignalShmemInit(void)
 
 		pg_atomic_init_u64(&ProcSignal->psh_barrierGeneration, 0);
 
-		for (i = 0; i < numProcSignalSlots; ++i)
+		for (i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; ++i)
 		{
 			ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
@@ -171,7 +163,7 @@ ProcSignalInit(int pss_idx)
 	ProcSignalSlot *slot;
 	uint64		barrier_generation;
 
-	Assert(pss_idx >= 1 && pss_idx <= GetNumProcSignalSlots());
+	Assert(pss_idx >= 1 && pss_idx <= NumProcSignalSlots);
 
 	slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[pss_idx - 1];
 
@@ -300,7 +292,7 @@ SendProcSignal(pid_t pid, ProcSignalReason reason, BackendId backendId)
 		 */
 		int			i;
 
-		for (i = GetNumProcSignalSlots() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+		for (i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 		{
 			slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
@@ -341,7 +333,6 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 {
 	uint32		flagbit = 1 << (uint32) type;
 	uint64		generation;
-	int			numProcSignalSlots = GetNumProcSignalSlots();
 
 	/*
 	 * Set all the flags.
@@ -351,7 +342,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 * anything that we do afterwards. (This is also true of the later call to
 	 * pg_atomic_add_fetch_u64.)
 	 */
-	for (int i = 0; i < numProcSignalSlots; i++)
+	for (int i = 0; i < NumProcSignalSlots; i++)
 	{
 		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 
@@ -377,7 +368,7 @@ EmitProcSignalBarrier(ProcSignalBarrierType type)
 	 * backends that need to update state - but they won't actually need to
 	 * change any state.
 	 */
-	for (int i = numProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
 		volatile ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		pid_t		pid = slot->pss_pid;
@@ -402,7 +393,7 @@ WaitForProcSignalBarrier(uint64 generation)
 {
 	Assert(generation <= pg_atomic_read_u64(&ProcSignal->psh_barrierGeneration));
 
-	for (int i = GetNumProcSignalSlots() - 1; i >= 0; i--)
+	for (int i = NumProcSignalSlots - 1; i >= 0; i--)
 	{
 		ProcSignalSlot *slot = &ProcSignal->psh_slot[i];
 		uint64		oldval;
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/sinvaladt.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/sinvaladt.c
index 2dec668bbc..2861c03e04 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/sinvaladt.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/sinvaladt.c
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ SInvalShmemSize(void)
 	 * free slot. This is because the autovacuum launcher and worker processes,
 	 * which are included in MaxBackends, are not started in Hot Standby mode.
 	 */
-	size = add_size(size, mul_size(sizeof(ProcState), GetMaxBackends()));
+	size = add_size(size, mul_size(sizeof(ProcState), MaxBackends));
 
 	return size;
 }
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ CreateSharedInvalidationState(void)
 	shmInvalBuffer->maxMsgNum = 0;
 	shmInvalBuffer->nextThreshold = CLEANUP_MIN;
 	shmInvalBuffer->lastBackend = 0;
-	shmInvalBuffer->maxBackends = GetMaxBackends();
+	shmInvalBuffer->maxBackends = MaxBackends;
 	SpinLockInit(&shmInvalBuffer->msgnumLock);
 
 	/* The buffer[] array is initially all unused, so we need not fill it */
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/deadlock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/deadlock.c
index b5d539ba5d..cd9c0418ec 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/deadlock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/deadlock.c
@@ -143,7 +143,6 @@ void
 InitDeadLockChecking(void)
 {
 	MemoryContext oldcxt;
-	int max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 	/* Make sure allocations are permanent */
 	oldcxt = MemoryContextSwitchTo(TopMemoryContext);
@@ -152,16 +151,16 @@ InitDeadLockChecking(void)
 	 * FindLockCycle needs at most MaxBackends entries in visitedProcs[] and
 	 * deadlockDetails[].
 	 */
-	visitedProcs = (PGPROC **) palloc(max_backends * sizeof(PGPROC *));
-	deadlockDetails = (DEADLOCK_INFO *) palloc(max_backends * sizeof(DEADLOCK_INFO));
+	visitedProcs = (PGPROC **) palloc(MaxBackends * sizeof(PGPROC *));
+	deadlockDetails = (DEADLOCK_INFO *) palloc(MaxBackends * sizeof(DEADLOCK_INFO));
 
 	/*
 	 * TopoSort needs to consider at most MaxBackends wait-queue entries, and
 	 * it needn't run concurrently with FindLockCycle.
 	 */
 	topoProcs = visitedProcs;	/* re-use this space */
-	beforeConstraints = (int *) palloc(max_backends * sizeof(int));
-	afterConstraints = (int *) palloc(max_backends * sizeof(int));
+	beforeConstraints = (int *) palloc(MaxBackends * sizeof(int));
+	afterConstraints = (int *) palloc(MaxBackends * sizeof(int));
 
 	/*
 	 * We need to consider rearranging at most MaxBackends/2 wait queues
@@ -170,8 +169,8 @@ InitDeadLockChecking(void)
 	 * MaxBackends total waiters.
 	 */
 	waitOrders = (WAIT_ORDER *)
-		palloc((max_backends / 2) * sizeof(WAIT_ORDER));
-	waitOrderProcs = (PGPROC **) palloc(max_backends * sizeof(PGPROC *));
+		palloc((MaxBackends / 2) * sizeof(WAIT_ORDER));
+	waitOrderProcs = (PGPROC **) palloc(MaxBackends * sizeof(PGPROC *));
 
 	/*
 	 * Allow at most MaxBackends distinct constraints in a configuration. (Is
@@ -181,7 +180,7 @@ InitDeadLockChecking(void)
 	 * limits the maximum recursion depth of DeadLockCheckRecurse. Making it
 	 * really big might potentially allow a stack-overflow problem.
 	 */
-	maxCurConstraints = max_backends;
+	maxCurConstraints = MaxBackends;
 	curConstraints = (EDGE *) palloc(maxCurConstraints * sizeof(EDGE));
 
 	/*
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ InitDeadLockChecking(void)
 	 * last MaxBackends entries in possibleConstraints[] are reserved as
 	 * output workspace for FindLockCycle.
 	 */
-	maxPossibleConstraints = max_backends * 4;
+	maxPossibleConstraints = MaxBackends * 4;
 	possibleConstraints =
 		(EDGE *) palloc(maxPossibleConstraints * sizeof(EDGE));
 
@@ -328,7 +327,7 @@ DeadLockCheckRecurse(PGPROC *proc)
 	if (nCurConstraints >= maxCurConstraints)
 		return true;			/* out of room for active constraints? */
 	oldPossibleConstraints = nPossibleConstraints;
-	if (nPossibleConstraints + nEdges + GetMaxBackends() <= maxPossibleConstraints)
+	if (nPossibleConstraints + nEdges + MaxBackends <= maxPossibleConstraints)
 	{
 		/* We can save the edge list in possibleConstraints[] */
 		nPossibleConstraints += nEdges;
@@ -389,7 +388,7 @@ TestConfiguration(PGPROC *startProc)
 	/*
 	 * Make sure we have room for FindLockCycle's output.
 	 */
-	if (nPossibleConstraints + GetMaxBackends() > maxPossibleConstraints)
+	if (nPossibleConstraints + MaxBackends > maxPossibleConstraints)
 		return -1;
 
 	/*
@@ -487,7 +486,7 @@ FindLockCycleRecurse(PGPROC *checkProc,
 				 * record total length of cycle --- outer levels will now fill
 				 * deadlockDetails[]
 				 */
-				Assert(depth <= GetMaxBackends());
+				Assert(depth <= MaxBackends);
 				nDeadlockDetails = depth;
 
 				return true;
@@ -501,7 +500,7 @@ FindLockCycleRecurse(PGPROC *checkProc,
 		}
 	}
 	/* Mark proc as seen */
-	Assert(nVisitedProcs < GetMaxBackends());
+	Assert(nVisitedProcs < MaxBackends);
 	visitedProcs[nVisitedProcs++] = checkProc;
 
 	/*
@@ -699,7 +698,7 @@ FindLockCycleRecurseMember(PGPROC *checkProc,
 					/*
 					 * Add this edge to the list of soft edges in the cycle
 					 */
-					Assert(*nSoftEdges < GetMaxBackends());
+					Assert(*nSoftEdges < MaxBackends);
 					softEdges[*nSoftEdges].waiter = checkProcLeader;
 					softEdges[*nSoftEdges].blocker = leader;
 					softEdges[*nSoftEdges].lock = lock;
@@ -772,7 +771,7 @@ FindLockCycleRecurseMember(PGPROC *checkProc,
 					/*
 					 * Add this edge to the list of soft edges in the cycle
 					 */
-					Assert(*nSoftEdges < GetMaxBackends());
+					Assert(*nSoftEdges < MaxBackends);
 					softEdges[*nSoftEdges].waiter = checkProcLeader;
 					softEdges[*nSoftEdges].blocker = leader;
 					softEdges[*nSoftEdges].lock = lock;
@@ -835,7 +834,7 @@ ExpandConstraints(EDGE *constraints,
 		waitOrders[nWaitOrders].procs = waitOrderProcs + nWaitOrderProcs;
 		waitOrders[nWaitOrders].nProcs = lock->waitProcs.size;
 		nWaitOrderProcs += lock->waitProcs.size;
-		Assert(nWaitOrderProcs <= GetMaxBackends());
+		Assert(nWaitOrderProcs <= MaxBackends);
 
 		/*
 		 * Do the topo sort.  TopoSort need not examine constraints after this
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
index ee2e15c17e..5f5803f681 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/lock.c
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
 int			max_locks_per_xact; /* set by guc.c */
 
 #define NLOCKENTS() \
-	mul_size(max_locks_per_xact, add_size(GetMaxBackends(), max_prepared_xacts))
+	mul_size(max_locks_per_xact, add_size(MaxBackends, max_prepared_xacts))
 
 
 /*
@@ -2924,7 +2924,6 @@ GetLockConflicts(const LOCKTAG *locktag, LOCKMODE lockmode, int *countp)
 	LWLock	   *partitionLock;
 	int			count = 0;
 	int			fast_count = 0;
-	int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 	if (lockmethodid <= 0 || lockmethodid >= lengthof(LockMethods))
 		elog(ERROR, "unrecognized lock method: %d", lockmethodid);
@@ -2943,12 +2942,12 @@ GetLockConflicts(const LOCKTAG *locktag, LOCKMODE lockmode, int *countp)
 			vxids = (VirtualTransactionId *)
 				MemoryContextAlloc(TopMemoryContext,
 								   sizeof(VirtualTransactionId) *
-								   (max_backends + max_prepared_xacts + 1));
+								   (MaxBackends + max_prepared_xacts + 1));
 	}
 	else
 		vxids = (VirtualTransactionId *)
 			palloc0(sizeof(VirtualTransactionId) *
-					(max_backends + max_prepared_xacts + 1));
+					(MaxBackends + max_prepared_xacts + 1));
 
 	/* Compute hash code and partition lock, and look up conflicting modes. */
 	hashcode = LockTagHashCode(locktag);
@@ -3105,7 +3104,7 @@ GetLockConflicts(const LOCKTAG *locktag, LOCKMODE lockmode, int *countp)
 
 	LWLockRelease(partitionLock);
 
-	if (count > max_backends + max_prepared_xacts)	/* should never happen */
+	if (count > MaxBackends + max_prepared_xacts)	/* should never happen */
 		elog(PANIC, "too many conflicting locks found");
 
 	vxids[count].backendId = InvalidBackendId;
@@ -3652,12 +3651,11 @@ GetLockStatusData(void)
 	int			els;
 	int			el;
 	int			i;
-	int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 	data = (LockData *) palloc(sizeof(LockData));
 
 	/* Guess how much space we'll need. */
-	els = max_backends;
+	els = MaxBackends;
 	el = 0;
 	data->locks = (LockInstanceData *) palloc(sizeof(LockInstanceData) * els);
 
@@ -3691,7 +3689,7 @@ GetLockStatusData(void)
 
 			if (el >= els)
 			{
-				els += max_backends;
+				els += MaxBackends;
 				data->locks = (LockInstanceData *)
 					repalloc(data->locks, sizeof(LockInstanceData) * els);
 			}
@@ -3723,7 +3721,7 @@ GetLockStatusData(void)
 
 			if (el >= els)
 			{
-				els += max_backends;
+				els += MaxBackends;
 				data->locks = (LockInstanceData *)
 					repalloc(data->locks, sizeof(LockInstanceData) * els);
 			}
@@ -3852,7 +3850,7 @@ GetBlockerStatusData(int blocked_pid)
 	 * for the procs[] array; the other two could need enlargement, though.)
 	 */
 	data->nprocs = data->nlocks = data->npids = 0;
-	data->maxprocs = data->maxlocks = data->maxpids = GetMaxBackends();
+	data->maxprocs = data->maxlocks = data->maxpids = MaxBackends;
 	data->procs = (BlockedProcData *) palloc(sizeof(BlockedProcData) * data->maxprocs);
 	data->locks = (LockInstanceData *) palloc(sizeof(LockInstanceData) * data->maxlocks);
 	data->waiter_pids = (int *) palloc(sizeof(int) * data->maxpids);
@@ -3927,7 +3925,6 @@ GetSingleProcBlockerStatusData(PGPROC *blocked_proc, BlockedProcsData *data)
 	PGPROC	   *proc;
 	int			queue_size;
 	int			i;
-	int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 	/* Nothing to do if this proc is not blocked */
 	if (theLock == NULL)
@@ -3956,7 +3953,7 @@ GetSingleProcBlockerStatusData(PGPROC *blocked_proc, BlockedProcsData *data)
 
 		if (data->nlocks >= data->maxlocks)
 		{
-			data->maxlocks += max_backends;
+			data->maxlocks += MaxBackends;
 			data->locks = (LockInstanceData *)
 				repalloc(data->locks, sizeof(LockInstanceData) * data->maxlocks);
 		}
@@ -3985,7 +3982,7 @@ GetSingleProcBlockerStatusData(PGPROC *blocked_proc, BlockedProcsData *data)
 
 	if (queue_size > data->maxpids - data->npids)
 	{
-		data->maxpids = Max(data->maxpids + max_backends,
+		data->maxpids = Max(data->maxpids + MaxBackends,
 							data->npids + queue_size);
 		data->waiter_pids = (int *) repalloc(data->waiter_pids,
 											 sizeof(int) * data->maxpids);
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/predicate.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/predicate.c
index e337aad5b2..25e7e4e37b 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/predicate.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/predicate.c
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@
 	(&MainLWLockArray[PREDICATELOCK_MANAGER_LWLOCK_OFFSET + (i)].lock)
 
 #define NPREDICATELOCKTARGETENTS() \
-	mul_size(max_predicate_locks_per_xact, add_size(GetMaxBackends(), max_prepared_xacts))
+	mul_size(max_predicate_locks_per_xact, add_size(MaxBackends, max_prepared_xacts))
 
 #define SxactIsOnFinishedList(sxact) (!SHMQueueIsDetached(&((sxact)->finishedLink)))
 
@@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ InitPredicateLocks(void)
 	 * Compute size for serializable transaction hashtable. Note these
 	 * calculations must agree with PredicateLockShmemSize!
 	 */
-	max_table_size = (GetMaxBackends() + max_prepared_xacts);
+	max_table_size = (MaxBackends + max_prepared_xacts);
 
 	/*
 	 * Allocate a list to hold information on transactions participating in
@@ -1375,7 +1375,7 @@ PredicateLockShmemSize(void)
 	size = add_size(size, size / 10);
 
 	/* transaction list */
-	max_table_size = GetMaxBackends() + max_prepared_xacts;
+	max_table_size = MaxBackends + max_prepared_xacts;
 	max_table_size *= 10;
 	size = add_size(size, PredXactListDataSize);
 	size = add_size(size, mul_size((Size) max_table_size,
@@ -1907,7 +1907,7 @@ GetSerializableTransactionSnapshotInt(Snapshot snapshot,
 	{
 		++(PredXact->WritableSxactCount);
 		Assert(PredXact->WritableSxactCount <=
-			   (GetMaxBackends() + max_prepared_xacts));
+			   (MaxBackends + max_prepared_xacts));
 	}
 
 	MySerializableXact = sxact;
@@ -5111,7 +5111,7 @@ predicatelock_twophase_recover(TransactionId xid, uint16 info,
 		{
 			++(PredXact->WritableSxactCount);
 			Assert(PredXact->WritableSxactCount <=
-				   (GetMaxBackends() + max_prepared_xacts));
+				   (MaxBackends + max_prepared_xacts));
 		}
 
 		/*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
index 93d082c45e..37aaab1338 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/lmgr/proc.c
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ ProcGlobalShmemSize(void)
 {
 	Size		size = 0;
 	Size		TotalProcs =
-	add_size(GetMaxBackends(), add_size(NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS, max_prepared_xacts));
+	add_size(MaxBackends, add_size(NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS, max_prepared_xacts));
 
 	/* ProcGlobal */
 	size = add_size(size, sizeof(PROC_HDR));
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ ProcGlobalSemas(void)
 	 * We need a sema per backend (including autovacuum), plus one for each
 	 * auxiliary process.
 	 */
-	return GetMaxBackends() + NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS;
+	return MaxBackends + NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -162,8 +162,7 @@ InitProcGlobal(void)
 	int			i,
 				j;
 	bool		found;
-	int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
-	uint32		TotalProcs = max_backends + NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS + max_prepared_xacts;
+	uint32		TotalProcs = MaxBackends + NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS + max_prepared_xacts;
 
 	/* Create the ProcGlobal shared structure */
 	ProcGlobal = (PROC_HDR *)
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ InitProcGlobal(void)
 	MemSet(procs, 0, TotalProcs * sizeof(PGPROC));
 	ProcGlobal->allProcs = procs;
 	/* XXX allProcCount isn't really all of them; it excludes prepared xacts */
-	ProcGlobal->allProcCount = max_backends + NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS;
+	ProcGlobal->allProcCount = MaxBackends + NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS;
 
 	/*
 	 * Allocate arrays mirroring PGPROC fields in a dense manner. See
@@ -222,7 +221,7 @@ InitProcGlobal(void)
 		 * dummy PGPROCs don't need these though - they're never associated
 		 * with a real process
 		 */
-		if (i < max_backends + NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS)
+		if (i < MaxBackends + NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS)
 		{
 			procs[i].sem = PGSemaphoreCreate();
 			InitSharedLatch(&(procs[i].procLatch));
@@ -259,7 +258,7 @@ InitProcGlobal(void)
 			ProcGlobal->bgworkerFreeProcs = &procs[i];
 			procs[i].procgloballist = &ProcGlobal->bgworkerFreeProcs;
 		}
-		else if (i < max_backends)
+		else if (i < MaxBackends)
 		{
 			/* PGPROC for walsender, add to walsenderFreeProcs list */
 			procs[i].links.next = (SHM_QUEUE *) ProcGlobal->walsenderFreeProcs;
@@ -287,8 +286,8 @@ InitProcGlobal(void)
 	 * Save pointers to the blocks of PGPROC structures reserved for auxiliary
 	 * processes and prepared transactions.
 	 */
-	AuxiliaryProcs = &procs[max_backends];
-	PreparedXactProcs = &procs[max_backends + NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS];
+	AuxiliaryProcs = &procs[MaxBackends];
+	PreparedXactProcs = &procs[MaxBackends + NUM_AUXILIARY_PROCS];
 
 	/* Create ProcStructLock spinlock, too */
 	ProcStructLock = (slock_t *) ShmemAlloc(sizeof(slock_t));
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/activity/backend_status.c b/src/backend/utils/activity/backend_status.c
index 079321599d..c7ed1e6d7a 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/activity/backend_status.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/activity/backend_status.c
@@ -26,6 +26,18 @@
 #include "utils/memutils.h"
 
 
+/* ----------
+ * Total number of backends including auxiliary
+ *
+ * We reserve a slot for each possible BackendId, plus one for each
+ * possible auxiliary process type.  (This scheme assumes there is not
+ * more than one of any auxiliary process type at a time.) MaxBackends
+ * includes autovacuum workers and background workers as well.
+ * ----------
+ */
+#define NumBackendStatSlots (MaxBackends + NUM_AUXPROCTYPES)
+
+
 /* ----------
  * GUC parameters
  * ----------
@@ -63,23 +75,8 @@ static MemoryContext backendStatusSnapContext;
 static void pgstat_beshutdown_hook(int code, Datum arg);
 static void pgstat_read_current_status(void);
 static void pgstat_setup_backend_status_context(void);
-static inline int GetNumBackendStatSlots(void);
 
 
-/*
- * Retrieve the total number of backends including auxiliary
- *
- * We reserve a slot for each possible BackendId, plus one for each possible
- * auxiliary process type.  (This scheme assumes there is not more than one of
- * any auxiliary process type at a time.)  MaxBackends includes autovacuum
- * workers and background workers as well.
- */
-static inline int
-GetNumBackendStatSlots(void)
-{
-	return GetMaxBackends() + NUM_AUXPROCTYPES;
-}
-
 /*
  * Report shared-memory space needed by CreateSharedBackendStatus.
  */
@@ -87,28 +84,27 @@ Size
 BackendStatusShmemSize(void)
 {
 	Size		size;
-	int			numBackendStatSlots = GetNumBackendStatSlots();
 
 	/* BackendStatusArray: */
-	size = mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendStatus), numBackendStatSlots);
+	size = mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendStatus), NumBackendStatSlots);
 	/* BackendAppnameBuffer: */
 	size = add_size(size,
-					mul_size(NAMEDATALEN, numBackendStatSlots));
+					mul_size(NAMEDATALEN, NumBackendStatSlots));
 	/* BackendClientHostnameBuffer: */
 	size = add_size(size,
-					mul_size(NAMEDATALEN, numBackendStatSlots));
+					mul_size(NAMEDATALEN, NumBackendStatSlots));
 	/* BackendActivityBuffer: */
 	size = add_size(size,
-					mul_size(pgstat_track_activity_query_size, numBackendStatSlots));
+					mul_size(pgstat_track_activity_query_size, NumBackendStatSlots));
 #ifdef USE_SSL
 	/* BackendSslStatusBuffer: */
 	size = add_size(size,
-					mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendSSLStatus), numBackendStatSlots));
+					mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendSSLStatus), NumBackendStatSlots));
 #endif
 #ifdef ENABLE_GSS
 	/* BackendGssStatusBuffer: */
 	size = add_size(size,
-					mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendGSSStatus), numBackendStatSlots));
+					mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendGSSStatus), NumBackendStatSlots));
 #endif
 	return size;
 }
@@ -124,10 +120,9 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 	bool		found;
 	int			i;
 	char	   *buffer;
-	int			numBackendStatSlots = GetNumBackendStatSlots();
 
 	/* Create or attach to the shared array */
-	size = mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendStatus), numBackendStatSlots);
+	size = mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendStatus), NumBackendStatSlots);
 	BackendStatusArray = (PgBackendStatus *)
 		ShmemInitStruct("Backend Status Array", size, &found);
 
@@ -140,7 +135,7 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Create or attach to the shared appname buffer */
-	size = mul_size(NAMEDATALEN, numBackendStatSlots);
+	size = mul_size(NAMEDATALEN, NumBackendStatSlots);
 	BackendAppnameBuffer = (char *)
 		ShmemInitStruct("Backend Application Name Buffer", size, &found);
 
@@ -150,7 +145,7 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 
 		/* Initialize st_appname pointers. */
 		buffer = BackendAppnameBuffer;
-		for (i = 0; i < numBackendStatSlots; i++)
+		for (i = 0; i < NumBackendStatSlots; i++)
 		{
 			BackendStatusArray[i].st_appname = buffer;
 			buffer += NAMEDATALEN;
@@ -158,7 +153,7 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 	}
 
 	/* Create or attach to the shared client hostname buffer */
-	size = mul_size(NAMEDATALEN, numBackendStatSlots);
+	size = mul_size(NAMEDATALEN, NumBackendStatSlots);
 	BackendClientHostnameBuffer = (char *)
 		ShmemInitStruct("Backend Client Host Name Buffer", size, &found);
 
@@ -168,7 +163,7 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 
 		/* Initialize st_clienthostname pointers. */
 		buffer = BackendClientHostnameBuffer;
-		for (i = 0; i < numBackendStatSlots; i++)
+		for (i = 0; i < NumBackendStatSlots; i++)
 		{
 			BackendStatusArray[i].st_clienthostname = buffer;
 			buffer += NAMEDATALEN;
@@ -177,7 +172,7 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 
 	/* Create or attach to the shared activity buffer */
 	BackendActivityBufferSize = mul_size(pgstat_track_activity_query_size,
-										 numBackendStatSlots);
+										 NumBackendStatSlots);
 	BackendActivityBuffer = (char *)
 		ShmemInitStruct("Backend Activity Buffer",
 						BackendActivityBufferSize,
@@ -189,7 +184,7 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 
 		/* Initialize st_activity pointers. */
 		buffer = BackendActivityBuffer;
-		for (i = 0; i < numBackendStatSlots; i++)
+		for (i = 0; i < NumBackendStatSlots; i++)
 		{
 			BackendStatusArray[i].st_activity_raw = buffer;
 			buffer += pgstat_track_activity_query_size;
@@ -198,7 +193,7 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 
 #ifdef USE_SSL
 	/* Create or attach to the shared SSL status buffer */
-	size = mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendSSLStatus), numBackendStatSlots);
+	size = mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendSSLStatus), NumBackendStatSlots);
 	BackendSslStatusBuffer = (PgBackendSSLStatus *)
 		ShmemInitStruct("Backend SSL Status Buffer", size, &found);
 
@@ -210,7 +205,7 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 
 		/* Initialize st_sslstatus pointers. */
 		ptr = BackendSslStatusBuffer;
-		for (i = 0; i < numBackendStatSlots; i++)
+		for (i = 0; i < NumBackendStatSlots; i++)
 		{
 			BackendStatusArray[i].st_sslstatus = ptr;
 			ptr++;
@@ -220,7 +215,7 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 
 #ifdef ENABLE_GSS
 	/* Create or attach to the shared GSSAPI status buffer */
-	size = mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendGSSStatus), numBackendStatSlots);
+	size = mul_size(sizeof(PgBackendGSSStatus), NumBackendStatSlots);
 	BackendGssStatusBuffer = (PgBackendGSSStatus *)
 		ShmemInitStruct("Backend GSS Status Buffer", size, &found);
 
@@ -232,7 +227,7 @@ CreateSharedBackendStatus(void)
 
 		/* Initialize st_gssstatus pointers. */
 		ptr = BackendGssStatusBuffer;
-		for (i = 0; i < numBackendStatSlots; i++)
+		for (i = 0; i < NumBackendStatSlots; i++)
 		{
 			BackendStatusArray[i].st_gssstatus = ptr;
 			ptr++;
@@ -256,7 +251,7 @@ pgstat_beinit(void)
 	/* Initialize MyBEEntry */
 	if (MyBackendId != InvalidBackendId)
 	{
-		Assert(MyBackendId >= 1 && MyBackendId <= GetMaxBackends());
+		Assert(MyBackendId >= 1 && MyBackendId <= MaxBackends);
 		MyBEEntry = &BackendStatusArray[MyBackendId - 1];
 	}
 	else
@@ -272,7 +267,7 @@ pgstat_beinit(void)
 		 * MaxBackends + AuxBackendType + 1 as the index of the slot for an
 		 * auxiliary process.
 		 */
-		MyBEEntry = &BackendStatusArray[GetMaxBackends() + MyAuxProcType];
+		MyBEEntry = &BackendStatusArray[MaxBackends + MyAuxProcType];
 	}
 
 	/* Set up a process-exit hook to clean up */
@@ -744,7 +739,6 @@ pgstat_read_current_status(void)
 	PgBackendGSSStatus *localgssstatus;
 #endif
 	int			i;
-	int			numBackendStatSlots = GetNumBackendStatSlots();
 
 	if (localBackendStatusTable)
 		return;					/* already done */
@@ -761,32 +755,32 @@ pgstat_read_current_status(void)
 	 */
 	localtable = (LocalPgBackendStatus *)
 		MemoryContextAlloc(backendStatusSnapContext,
-						   sizeof(LocalPgBackendStatus) * numBackendStatSlots);
+						   sizeof(LocalPgBackendStatus) * NumBackendStatSlots);
 	localappname = (char *)
 		MemoryContextAlloc(backendStatusSnapContext,
-						   NAMEDATALEN * numBackendStatSlots);
+						   NAMEDATALEN * NumBackendStatSlots);
 	localclienthostname = (char *)
 		MemoryContextAlloc(backendStatusSnapContext,
-						   NAMEDATALEN * numBackendStatSlots);
+						   NAMEDATALEN * NumBackendStatSlots);
 	localactivity = (char *)
 		MemoryContextAllocHuge(backendStatusSnapContext,
-							   pgstat_track_activity_query_size * numBackendStatSlots);
+							   pgstat_track_activity_query_size * NumBackendStatSlots);
 #ifdef USE_SSL
 	localsslstatus = (PgBackendSSLStatus *)
 		MemoryContextAlloc(backendStatusSnapContext,
-						   sizeof(PgBackendSSLStatus) * numBackendStatSlots);
+						   sizeof(PgBackendSSLStatus) * NumBackendStatSlots);
 #endif
 #ifdef ENABLE_GSS
 	localgssstatus = (PgBackendGSSStatus *)
 		MemoryContextAlloc(backendStatusSnapContext,
-						   sizeof(PgBackendGSSStatus) * numBackendStatSlots);
+						   sizeof(PgBackendGSSStatus) * NumBackendStatSlots);
 #endif
 
 	localNumBackends = 0;
 
 	beentry = BackendStatusArray;
 	localentry = localtable;
-	for (i = 1; i <= numBackendStatSlots; i++)
+	for (i = 1; i <= NumBackendStatSlots; i++)
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Follow the protocol of retrying if st_changecount changes while we
@@ -899,10 +893,9 @@ pgstat_get_backend_current_activity(int pid, bool checkUser)
 {
 	PgBackendStatus *beentry;
 	int			i;
-	int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 	beentry = BackendStatusArray;
-	for (i = 1; i <= max_backends; i++)
+	for (i = 1; i <= MaxBackends; i++)
 	{
 		/*
 		 * Although we expect the target backend's entry to be stable, that
@@ -978,7 +971,6 @@ pgstat_get_crashed_backend_activity(int pid, char *buffer, int buflen)
 {
 	volatile PgBackendStatus *beentry;
 	int			i;
-	int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 	beentry = BackendStatusArray;
 
@@ -989,7 +981,7 @@ pgstat_get_crashed_backend_activity(int pid, char *buffer, int buflen)
 	if (beentry == NULL || BackendActivityBuffer == NULL)
 		return NULL;
 
-	for (i = 1; i <= max_backends; i++)
+	for (i = 1; i <= MaxBackends; i++)
 	{
 		if (beentry->st_procpid == pid)
 		{
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c
index 944cd6df03..023a004ac8 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/lockfuncs.c
@@ -559,14 +559,13 @@ pg_safe_snapshot_blocking_pids(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	int		   *blockers;
 	int			num_blockers;
 	Datum	   *blocker_datums;
-	int			max_backends = GetMaxBackends();
 
 	/* A buffer big enough for any possible blocker list without truncation */
-	blockers = (int *) palloc(max_backends * sizeof(int));
+	blockers = (int *) palloc(MaxBackends * sizeof(int));
 
 	/* Collect a snapshot of processes waited for by GetSafeSnapshot */
 	num_blockers =
-		GetSafeSnapshotBlockingPids(blocked_pid, blockers, max_backends);
+		GetSafeSnapshotBlockingPids(blocked_pid, blockers, MaxBackends);
 
 	/* Convert int array to Datum array */
 	if (num_blockers > 0)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
index a85c2e0260..9139fe895c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
 #include "access/session.h"
 #include "access/sysattr.h"
 #include "access/tableam.h"
-#include "access/twophase.h"
 #include "access/xact.h"
 #include "access/xlog.h"
 #include "access/xloginsert.h"
@@ -68,9 +67,6 @@
 #include "utils/syscache.h"
 #include "utils/timeout.h"
 
-static int MaxBackends = 0;
-static int MaxBackendsInitialized = false;
-
 static HeapTuple GetDatabaseTuple(const char *dbname);
 static HeapTuple GetDatabaseTupleByOid(Oid dboid);
 static void PerformAuthentication(Port *port);
@@ -542,8 +538,9 @@ pg_split_opts(char **argv, int *argcp, const char *optstr)
 /*
  * Initialize MaxBackends value from config options.
  *
- * This must be called after modules have had the chance to alter GUCs in
- * shared_preload_libraries and before shared memory size is determined.
+ * This must be called after modules have had the chance to register background
+ * workers in shared_preload_libraries, and before shared memory size is
+ * determined.
  *
  * Note that in EXEC_BACKEND environment, the value is passed down from
  * postmaster to subprocesses via BackendParameters in SubPostmasterMain; only
@@ -553,49 +550,15 @@ pg_split_opts(char **argv, int *argcp, const char *optstr)
 void
 InitializeMaxBackends(void)
 {
-	/* the extra unit accounts for the autovacuum launcher */
-	SetMaxBackends(MaxConnections + autovacuum_max_workers + 1 +
-		max_worker_processes + max_wal_senders);
-}
+	Assert(MaxBackends == 0);
 
-/*
- * Safely retrieve the value of MaxBackends.
- *
- * Previously, MaxBackends was externally visible, but it was often used before
- * it was initialized (e.g., in preloaded libraries' _PG_init() functions).
- * Unfortunately, we cannot initialize MaxBackends before processing
- * shared_preload_libraries because the libraries sometimes alter GUCs that are
- * used to calculate its value.  Instead, we provide this function for accessing
- * MaxBackends, and we ERROR if someone calls it before it is initialized.
- */
-int
-GetMaxBackends(void)
-{
-	if (unlikely(!MaxBackendsInitialized))
-		elog(ERROR, "MaxBackends not yet initialized");
-
-	return MaxBackends;
-}
-
-/*
- * Set the value of MaxBackends.
- *
- * This should only be used by InitializeMaxBackends() and
- * restore_backend_variables().  If MaxBackends is already initialized or the
- * specified value is greater than the maximum, this will ERROR.
- */
-void
-SetMaxBackends(int max_backends)
-{
-	if (MaxBackendsInitialized)
-		elog(ERROR, "MaxBackends already initialized");
+	/* the extra unit accounts for the autovacuum launcher */
+	MaxBackends = MaxConnections + autovacuum_max_workers + 1 +
+		max_worker_processes + max_wal_senders;
 
 	/* internal error because the values were all checked previously */
-	if (max_backends > MAX_BACKENDS)
+	if (MaxBackends > MAX_BACKENDS)
 		elog(ERROR, "too many backends configured");
-
-	MaxBackends = max_backends;
-	MaxBackendsInitialized = true;
 }
 
 /*
@@ -707,7 +670,7 @@ InitPostgres(const char *in_dbname, Oid dboid, const char *username,
 
 	SharedInvalBackendInit(false);
 
-	if (MyBackendId > GetMaxBackends() || MyBackendId <= 0)
+	if (MyBackendId > MaxBackends || MyBackendId <= 0)
 		elog(FATAL, "bad backend ID: %d", MyBackendId);
 
 	/* Now that we have a BackendId, we can participate in ProcSignal */
diff --git a/src/include/miscadmin.h b/src/include/miscadmin.h
index e9ad52c347..53fd168d93 100644
--- a/src/include/miscadmin.h
+++ b/src/include/miscadmin.h
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ extern PGDLLIMPORT char *DataDir;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int data_directory_mode;
 
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int NBuffers;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT int MaxBackends;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int MaxConnections;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int max_worker_processes;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int max_parallel_workers;
@@ -456,8 +457,6 @@ extern PGDLLIMPORT AuxProcType MyAuxProcType;
 /* in utils/init/postinit.c */
 extern void pg_split_opts(char **argv, int *argcp, const char *optstr);
 extern void InitializeMaxBackends(void);
-extern int	GetMaxBackends(void);
-extern void SetMaxBackends(int max_backends);
 extern void InitPostgres(const char *in_dbname, Oid dboid, const char *username,
 						 Oid useroid, char *out_dbname, bool override_allow_connections);
 extern void BaseInit(void);
-- 
2.25.1

>From ea35293560309d9948e38c0b4252d29e1a45ae90 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <bossa...@amazon.com>
Date: Mon, 2 Aug 2021 17:42:25 +0000
Subject: [PATCH v2 2/3] Calculate MaxBackends earlier in PostmasterMain().

Presently, InitializeMaxBackends() is called after processing
shared_preload_libraries because it used to tally up the number of
registered background workers requested by the libraries.  Since
6bc8ef0b, InitializeMaxBackends() has simply used the
max_worker_processes GUC instead, so all the comments about needing
to register background workers before initializing MaxBackends are
no longer correct.

In addition to revising the comments, this patch reorders
InitializeMaxBackends() to before shared_preload_libraries is
processed so that modules can make use of MaxBackends in their
_PG_init() functions.
---
 src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c | 19 +++++++++----------
 src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c   |  4 +---
 2 files changed, 10 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
index 3dcaf8a4a5..3d3b2e376c 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
@@ -1005,10 +1005,15 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
 	LocalProcessControlFile(false);
 
 	/*
-	 * Register the apply launcher.  Since it registers a background worker,
-	 * it needs to be called before InitializeMaxBackends(), and it's probably
-	 * a good idea to call it before any modules had chance to take the
-	 * background worker slots.
+	 * Calculate MaxBackends.  This is done before processing
+	 * shared_preload_libraries so that such libraries can make use of it in
+	 * _PG_init().
+	 */
+	InitializeMaxBackends();
+
+	/*
+	 * Register the apply launcher.  It's probably a good idea to call it before
+	 * any modules had chance to take the background worker slots.
 	 */
 	ApplyLauncherRegister();
 
@@ -1028,12 +1033,6 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
 	}
 #endif
 
-	/*
-	 * Now that loadable modules have had their chance to register background
-	 * workers, calculate MaxBackends.
-	 */
-	InitializeMaxBackends();
-
 	/*
 	 * Now that loadable modules have had their chance to request additional
 	 * shared memory, determine the value of any runtime-computed GUCs that
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
index 9139fe895c..0be1eb0f44 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/postinit.c
@@ -538,9 +538,7 @@ pg_split_opts(char **argv, int *argcp, const char *optstr)
 /*
  * Initialize MaxBackends value from config options.
  *
- * This must be called after modules have had the chance to register background
- * workers in shared_preload_libraries, and before shared memory size is
- * determined.
+ * This must be called before shared memory size is determined.
  *
  * Note that in EXEC_BACKEND environment, the value is passed down from
  * postmaster to subprocesses via BackendParameters in SubPostmasterMain; only
-- 
2.25.1

>From 1b624f705547206cb7dea59f08b8db21fe38d041 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nathan Bossart <nathandboss...@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 10 Apr 2022 14:27:58 -0700
Subject: [PATCH v2 3/3] Block attempts to set GUCs while loading
 shared_preload_libraries.

This change attempts to block parameter changes in preloaded
libraries' _PG_init() functions.  We cannot reliably support such
behavior because certain parameters contribute to global values
we've already calculated at this point (e.g., MaxBackends).  We'd
rather make sure values like MaxBackends are available for use in
_PG_init(), and we encourage extension authors to instead recommend
suitable settings and error if such recommendations are not heeded.
Of course, preloaded libraries could still change the value
directly instead of via SetConfigOption(), but trying to handle
that is probably more trouble than it's worth.
---
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
index 9e0f262088..51a6e16fe0 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
@@ -161,6 +161,11 @@ char	   *GUC_check_errdetail_string;
 char	   *GUC_check_errhint_string;
 
 static void do_serialize(char **destptr, Size *maxbytes, const char *fmt,...) pg_attribute_printf(3, 4);
+static int set_config_option_internal(const char *name, const char *value,
+									  GucContext context, GucSource source,
+									  GucAction action, bool changeVal,
+									  int elevel, bool is_reload,
+									  bool allow_when_loading_preload_libs);
 
 static void set_config_sourcefile(const char *name, char *sourcefile,
 								  int sourceline);
@@ -7560,6 +7565,21 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 				  GucContext context, GucSource source,
 				  GucAction action, bool changeVal, int elevel,
 				  bool is_reload)
+{
+	return set_config_option_internal(name, value, context, source, action,
+									  changeVal, elevel, is_reload, false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Just like set_config_option(), except allows overriding the ERROR when called
+ * while loading shared_preload_libraries.  This is needed for defining custom
+ * GUCs, which involves calling this function to set the GUC.
+ */
+static int
+set_config_option_internal(const char *name, const char *value,
+						   GucContext context, GucSource source,
+						   GucAction action, bool changeVal, int elevel,
+						   bool is_reload, bool allow_when_loading_preload_libs)
 {
 	struct config_generic *record;
 	union config_var_val newval_union;
@@ -7567,6 +7587,28 @@ set_config_option(const char *name, const char *value,
 	bool		prohibitValueChange = false;
 	bool		makeDefault;
 
+	/*
+	 * We attempt to block parameter changes in preloaded libraries' _PG_init()
+	 * functions.  We cannot reliably support such behavior because certain
+	 * parameters contribute to global values we've already calculated at this
+	 * point (e.g., MaxBackends).  We'd rather make sure values like MaxBackends
+	 * are available for use in _PG_init(), and we encourage extension authors
+	 * to instead recommend suitable settings and error if such recommendations
+	 * are not heeded.  Of course, preloaded libraries could still change the
+	 * value directly instead of via SetConfigOption(), but trying to handle
+	 * that is probably more trouble than it's worth.
+	 *
+	 * This ERROR is bypassed when allow_when_loading_preload_libs is true.
+	 * This is needed for defining custom GUCs, which involves calling this
+	 * function to set the GUC.  We still want to allow that.
+	 */
+	if (process_shared_preload_libraries_in_progress &&
+		!allow_when_loading_preload_libs)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_CANT_CHANGE_RUNTIME_PARAM),
+				 errmsg("cannot change parameters while loading "
+						"\"shared_preload_libraries\"")));
+
 	if (elevel == 0)
 	{
 		if (source == PGC_S_DEFAULT || source == PGC_S_FILE)
@@ -9353,10 +9395,11 @@ define_custom_variable(struct config_generic *variable)
 
 	/* First, apply the reset value if any */
 	if (pHolder->reset_val)
-		(void) set_config_option(name, pHolder->reset_val,
-								 pHolder->gen.reset_scontext,
-								 pHolder->gen.reset_source,
-								 GUC_ACTION_SET, true, WARNING, false);
+		(void) set_config_option_internal(name, pHolder->reset_val,
+										  pHolder->gen.reset_scontext,
+										  pHolder->gen.reset_source,
+										  GUC_ACTION_SET, true, WARNING, false,
+										  true);
 	/* That should not have resulted in stacking anything */
 	Assert(variable->stack == NULL);
 
-- 
2.25.1

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