Hi Michael,

On 4/5/18 2:55 AM, Michael Paquier wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 04, 2018 at 08:03:54PM -0400, David Steele wrote:
> 
>> Instead I have created variables in file_perm.c
>> that hold the current file create mode, dir create mode, and mode mask.
>> All call sites use those variables (e.g. pg_dir_create_mode), which I
>> think are much clear.
> 
> Hm.  I personally find that even more confusing, especially with
> SetDataDirectoryCreatePerm which basically is the same as
> SetConfigOption for the backend.  

The GUC shows the current mode of the data directory, while the
variables in file_perm.c store the mode that should be used to create
new dirs/files.  One is certainly based on the other but I thought it
best to split them for clarity.

> In your case pg_dir_create_mode is not
> aimed at remaining a constant as you may change it depending on if
> grouping is enabled or not...  And all the other iterations of such
> variables in src/common/ are constants (see NumScanKeywords or
> forkNames[] for example), so I cannot see with a good eye this change.

The idea is to have a variable that give the fir dir/file create mode
without having to trust that umask() is set correctly or do mode masking
on chmod().  This makes a number of call sites simpler and, I hope,
easier to read.

> You also forgot a call to SetDataDirectoryCreatePerm or
> pg_dir_create_mode remains to its default.

Are saying *if* a call is forgotten?

Yes, the file/dir create modes will use the default restrictive
permissions unless set otherwise.  I see this as a good thing.  Worst
case, we miss some areas where group access should be enabled and we
find those over the next few months.

What we don't want is a regression in the current, default behavior.
This is design is intended to avoid that outcome.

> The interface of file_perm.h that you are introducing is not confusing
> anymore though..

Yes, that was the idea.  I think it makes it clearer what we are trying
to do and centralizes variables related to create modes in one place.

I've attached new patches that exclude Windows from permissions tests
and deal with bootstrap permissions in a better way.  PostgresMain() and
AuxiliaryProcessMain() now use checkDataDir() to set permissions.

Thanks!
-- 
-David
da...@pgmasters.net
From 30599b54e0f31e6c6842e028eeca3048b9a371ca Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Steele <da...@pgmasters.net>
Date: Thu, 5 Apr 2018 11:34:58 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 1/2] Refactor file permissions in backend/frontend

Adds a new header (file_perm.h) and makes all front-end utilities use the new 
constants for setting umask. Converts mkdir() calls in the backend to 
MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm() if the original call used default permissions. Adds 
tests to make sure permissions in PGDATA are set correctly by the front-end 
tools.
---
 src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c            |  2 +-
 src/backend/commands/tablespace.c            | 18 ++++---
 src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c          |  5 +-
 src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c           |  5 +-
 src/backend/replication/basebackup.c         |  5 +-
 src/backend/replication/slot.c               |  5 +-
 src/backend/storage/file/copydir.c           |  2 +-
 src/backend/storage/file/fd.c                | 38 +++++++++------
 src/backend/storage/ipc/dsm_impl.c           |  3 +-
 src/backend/storage/ipc/ipc.c                |  4 ++
 src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c            |  5 +-
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c                      | 24 ++++-----
 src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl               | 11 ++++-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c        |  9 ++--
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl | 14 +++++-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/020_pg_receivewal.pl | 14 +++++-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/walmethods.c           |  6 ++-
 src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c                      |  4 +-
 src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl           | 18 ++++++-
 src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c            |  5 +-
 src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl           | 12 ++++-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm              |  4 ++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c                 |  7 +--
 src/bin/pg_rewind/t/001_basic.pl             | 11 ++++-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/file.c                    |  5 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c              |  3 +-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh                   | 11 +++++
 src/common/Makefile                          |  4 +-
 src/common/file_perm.c                       | 19 ++++++++
 src/include/common/file_perm.h               | 32 ++++++++++++
 src/include/storage/fd.h                     |  3 ++
 src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm                |  3 ++
 src/test/perl/TestLib.pm                     | 73 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm                  |  4 +-
 34 files changed, 315 insertions(+), 73 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/common/file_perm.c
 create mode 100644 src/include/common/file_perm.h

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c 
b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
index b4fd8395b7..5398d2f925 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c
@@ -4106,7 +4106,7 @@ ValidateXLOGDirectoryStructure(void)
        {
                ereport(LOG,
                                (errmsg("creating missing WAL directory 
\"%s\"", path)));
-               if (mkdir(path, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+               if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(path) < 0)
                        ereport(FATAL,
                                        (errmsg("could not create missing 
directory \"%s\": %m",
                                                        path)));
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablespace.c 
b/src/backend/commands/tablespace.c
index 5c450caa4e..6449b71243 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablespace.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablespace.c
@@ -68,6 +68,7 @@
 #include "commands/seclabel.h"
 #include "commands/tablecmds.h"
 #include "commands/tablespace.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
 #include "postmaster/bgwriter.h"
 #include "storage/fd.h"
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ TablespaceCreateDbspace(Oid spcNode, Oid dbNode, bool 
isRedo)
                        else
                        {
                                /* Directory creation failed? */
-                               if (mkdir(dir, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+                               if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(dir) < 0)
                                {
                                        char       *parentdir;
 
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ TablespaceCreateDbspace(Oid spcNode, Oid dbNode, bool 
isRedo)
                                        get_parent_directory(parentdir);
                                        get_parent_directory(parentdir);
                                        /* Can't create parent and it doesn't 
already exist? */
-                                       if (mkdir(parentdir, S_IRWXU) < 0 && 
errno != EEXIST)
+                                       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(parentdir) 
< 0 && errno != EEXIST)
                                                ereport(ERROR,
                                                                
(errcode_for_file_access(),
                                                                 errmsg("could 
not create directory \"%s\": %m",
@@ -184,7 +185,7 @@ TablespaceCreateDbspace(Oid spcNode, Oid dbNode, bool 
isRedo)
                                        parentdir = pstrdup(dir);
                                        get_parent_directory(parentdir);
                                        /* Can't create parent and it doesn't 
already exist? */
-                                       if (mkdir(parentdir, S_IRWXU) < 0 && 
errno != EEXIST)
+                                       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(parentdir) 
< 0 && errno != EEXIST)
                                                ereport(ERROR,
                                                                
(errcode_for_file_access(),
                                                                 errmsg("could 
not create directory \"%s\": %m",
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ TablespaceCreateDbspace(Oid spcNode, Oid dbNode, bool 
isRedo)
                                        pfree(parentdir);
 
                                        /* Create database directory */
-                                       if (mkdir(dir, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+                                       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(dir) < 0)
                                                ereport(ERROR,
                                                                
(errcode_for_file_access(),
                                                                 errmsg("could 
not create directory \"%s\": %m",
@@ -279,7 +280,8 @@ CreateTableSpace(CreateTableSpaceStmt *stmt)
        /*
         * Check that location isn't too long. Remember that we're going to 
append
         * 'PG_XXX/<dboid>/<relid>_<fork>.<nnn>'.  FYI, we never actually
-        * reference the whole path here, but mkdir() uses the first two parts.
+        * reference the whole path here, but MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm() uses 
the first
+        * two parts.
         */
        if (strlen(location) + 1 + strlen(TABLESPACE_VERSION_DIRECTORY) + 1 +
                OIDCHARS + 1 + OIDCHARS + 1 + FORKNAMECHARS + 1 + OIDCHARS > 
MAXPGPATH)
@@ -574,7 +576,7 @@ create_tablespace_directories(const char *location, const 
Oid tablespaceoid)
         * Attempt to coerce target directory to safe permissions.  If this 
fails,
         * it doesn't exist or has the wrong owner.
         */
-       if (chmod(location, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+       if (chmod(location, pg_dir_create_mode) != 0)
        {
                if (errno == ENOENT)
                        ereport(ERROR,
@@ -599,7 +601,7 @@ create_tablespace_directories(const char *location, const 
Oid tablespaceoid)
                if (stat(location_with_version_dir, &st) == 0 && 
S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                {
                        if (!rmtree(location_with_version_dir, true))
-                               /* If this failed, mkdir() below is going to 
error. */
+                               /* If this failed, MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm() 
below is going to error. */
                                ereport(WARNING,
                                                (errmsg("some useless files may 
be left behind in old database directory \"%s\"",
                                                                
location_with_version_dir)));
@@ -610,7 +612,7 @@ create_tablespace_directories(const char *location, const 
Oid tablespaceoid)
         * The creation of the version directory prevents more than one 
tablespace
         * in a single location.
         */
-       if (mkdir(location_with_version_dir, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(location_with_version_dir) < 0)
        {
                if (errno == EEXIST)
                        ereport(ERROR,
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c 
b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
index 660f3185e6..868fba8cac 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@
 #include "access/xlog.h"
 #include "bootstrap/bootstrap.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_control.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/ip.h"
 #include "lib/ilist.h"
 #include "libpq/auth.h"
@@ -589,7 +590,7 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
        /*
         * for security, no dir or file created can be group or other accessible
         */
-       umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        /*
         * Initialize random(3) so we don't get the same values in every run.
@@ -4492,7 +4493,7 @@ internal_forkexec(int argc, char *argv[], Port *port)
                 * As in OpenTemporaryFileInTablespace, try to make the 
temp-file
                 * directory
                 */
-               mkdir(PG_TEMP_FILES_DIR, S_IRWXU);
+               MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(PG_TEMP_FILES_DIR);
 
                fp = AllocateFile(tmpfilename, PG_BINARY_W);
                if (!fp)
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c 
b/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c
index f70eea37df..ae23941f59 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/syslogger.c
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 #include "postmaster/postmaster.h"
 #include "postmaster/syslogger.h"
 #include "storage/dsm.h"
+#include "storage/fd.h"
 #include "storage/ipc.h"
 #include "storage/latch.h"
 #include "storage/pg_shmem.h"
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ SysLoggerMain(int argc, char *argv[])
                                /*
                                 * Also, create new directory if not present; 
ignore errors
                                 */
-                               mkdir(Log_directory, S_IRWXU);
+                               MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(Log_directory);
                        }
                        if (strcmp(Log_filename, currentLogFilename) != 0)
                        {
@@ -564,7 +565,7 @@ SysLogger_Start(void)
        /*
         * Create log directory if not present; ignore errors
         */
-       mkdir(Log_directory, S_IRWXU);
+       MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(Log_directory);
 
        /*
         * The initial logfile is created right in the postmaster, to verify 
that
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/basebackup.c 
b/src/backend/replication/basebackup.c
index 1a0bae4c15..bfbd1fd382 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/basebackup.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/basebackup.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"      /* for pg_start/stop_backup */
 #include "catalog/catalog.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_type.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "lib/stringinfo.h"
 #include "libpq/libpq.h"
 #include "libpq/pqformat.h"
@@ -930,7 +931,7 @@ sendFileWithContent(const char *filename, const char 
*content)
        statbuf.st_gid = getegid();
 #endif
        statbuf.st_mtime = time(NULL);
-       statbuf.st_mode = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR;
+       statbuf.st_mode = pg_file_create_mode;
        statbuf.st_size = len;
 
        _tarWriteHeader(filename, NULL, &statbuf, false);
@@ -1628,7 +1629,7 @@ _tarWriteDir(const char *pathbuf, int basepathlen, struct 
stat *statbuf,
 #else
        if (pgwin32_is_junction(pathbuf))
 #endif
-               statbuf->st_mode = S_IFDIR | S_IRWXU;
+               statbuf->st_mode = S_IFDIR | pg_dir_create_mode;
 
        return _tarWriteHeader(pathbuf + basepathlen + 1, NULL, statbuf, 
sizeonly);
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/replication/slot.c b/src/backend/replication/slot.c
index fc9ef22b0b..3a98360b50 100644
--- a/src/backend/replication/slot.c
+++ b/src/backend/replication/slot.c
@@ -1166,13 +1166,14 @@ CreateSlotOnDisk(ReplicationSlot *slot)
         * It's just barely possible that some previous effort to create or 
drop a
         * slot with this name left a temp directory lying around. If that seems
         * to be the case, try to remove it.  If the rmtree() fails, we'll error
-        * out at the mkdir() below, so we don't bother checking success.
+        * out at the MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm() below, so we don't bother 
checking
+        * success.
         */
        if (stat(tmppath, &st) == 0 && S_ISDIR(st.st_mode))
                rmtree(tmppath, true);
 
        /* Create and fsync the temporary slot directory. */
-       if (mkdir(tmppath, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(tmppath) < 0)
                ereport(ERROR,
                                (errcode_for_file_access(),
                                 errmsg("could not create directory \"%s\": %m",
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/copydir.c 
b/src/backend/storage/file/copydir.c
index ca6342db0d..ff980dc1f5 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/file/copydir.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/copydir.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ copydir(char *fromdir, char *todir, bool recurse)
        char            fromfile[MAXPGPATH * 2];
        char            tofile[MAXPGPATH * 2];
 
-       if (mkdir(todir, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(todir) != 0)
                ereport(ERROR,
                                (errcode_for_file_access(),
                                 errmsg("could not create directory \"%s\": 
%m", todir)));
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
index d30a725f90..ebea857e1e 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/file/fd.c
@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
 #include "access/xlog.h"
 #include "catalog/catalog.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_tablespace.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 #include "portability/mem.h"
 #include "storage/fd.h"
@@ -124,12 +125,6 @@
  */
 #define FD_MINFREE                             10
 
-/*
- * Default mode for created files, unless something else is specified using
- * the *Perm() function variants.
- */
-#define PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT   (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)
-
 /*
  * A number of platforms allow individual processes to open many more files
  * than they can really support when *many* processes do the same thing.
@@ -937,7 +932,7 @@ set_max_safe_fds(void)
 int
 BasicOpenFile(const char *fileName, int fileFlags)
 {
-       return BasicOpenFilePerm(fileName, fileFlags, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT);
+       return BasicOpenFilePerm(fileName, fileFlags, pg_file_create_mode);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1356,7 +1351,7 @@ FileInvalidate(File file)
 File
 PathNameOpenFile(const char *fileName, int fileFlags)
 {
-       return PathNameOpenFilePerm(fileName, fileFlags, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT);
+       return PathNameOpenFilePerm(fileName, fileFlags, pg_file_create_mode);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -1434,7 +1429,7 @@ PathNameOpenFilePerm(const char *fileName, int fileFlags, 
mode_t fileMode)
 void
 PathNameCreateTemporaryDir(const char *basedir, const char *directory)
 {
-       if (mkdir(directory, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+       if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(directory) < 0)
        {
                if (errno == EEXIST)
                        return;
@@ -1444,14 +1439,14 @@ PathNameCreateTemporaryDir(const char *basedir, const 
char *directory)
                 * EEXIST to close a race against another process following the 
same
                 * algorithm.
                 */
-               if (mkdir(basedir, S_IRWXU) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+               if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(basedir) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
                        ereport(ERROR,
                                        (errcode_for_file_access(),
                                         errmsg("cannot create temporary 
directory \"%s\": %m",
                                                        basedir)));
 
                /* Try again. */
-               if (mkdir(directory, S_IRWXU) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+               if (MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(directory) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
                        ereport(ERROR,
                                        (errcode_for_file_access(),
                                         errmsg("cannot create temporary 
subdirectory \"%s\": %m",
@@ -1601,11 +1596,11 @@ OpenTemporaryFileInTablespace(Oid tblspcOid, bool 
rejectError)
                 * We might need to create the tablespace's tempfile directory, 
if no
                 * one has yet done so.
                 *
-                * Don't check for error from mkdir; it could fail if someone 
else
-                * just did the same thing.  If it doesn't work then we'll bomb 
out on
+                * Don't check error from MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm; it could 
fail if someone
+                * else just did the same thing.  If it doesn't work then we'll 
bomb out on
                 * the second create attempt, instead.
                 */
-               mkdir(tempdirpath, S_IRWXU);
+               MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(tempdirpath);
 
                file = PathNameOpenFile(tempfilepath,
                                                                O_RDWR | 
O_CREAT | O_TRUNC | PG_BINARY);
@@ -2401,7 +2396,7 @@ TryAgain:
 int
 OpenTransientFile(const char *fileName, int fileFlags)
 {
-       return OpenTransientFilePerm(fileName, fileFlags, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT);
+       return OpenTransientFilePerm(fileName, fileFlags, pg_file_create_mode);
 }
 
 /*
@@ -3554,3 +3549,16 @@ fsync_parent_path(const char *fname, int elevel)
 
        return 0;
 }
+
+/*
+ * Create a directory using pg_dir_create_mode for permissions
+ *
+ * Directories in PGDATA should normally have specific permissions -- when
+ * using this function the caller does not need to know what they should be.
+ * For permissions other than the default use mkdir() directly.
+ */
+int
+MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(const char *directoryName)
+{
+       return mkdir(directoryName, pg_dir_create_mode);
+}
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/dsm_impl.c 
b/src/backend/storage/ipc/dsm_impl.c
index 67e76b98fe..0ba45b4f93 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/dsm_impl.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/dsm_impl.c
@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@
 #ifdef HAVE_SYS_SHM_H
 #include <sys/shm.h>
 #endif
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "pgstat.h"
 
 #include "portability/mem.h"
@@ -285,7 +286,7 @@ dsm_impl_posix(dsm_op op, dsm_handle handle, Size 
request_size,
         * returning.
         */
        flags = O_RDWR | (op == DSM_OP_CREATE ? O_CREAT | O_EXCL : 0);
-       if ((fd = shm_open(name, flags, 0600)) == -1)
+       if ((fd = shm_open(name, flags, PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT)) == -1)
        {
                if (errno != EEXIST)
                        ereport(elevel,
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipc.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipc.c
index fc0a9c0756..4f2370a027 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipc.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/ipc.c
@@ -137,6 +137,10 @@ proc_exit(int code)
                else
                        snprintf(gprofDirName, 32, "gprof/%d", (int) getpid());
 
+               /*
+                * Use mkdir() instead of MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm() here 
because non-default
+                * permissions are required.
+                */
                mkdir("gprof", S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
                mkdir(gprofDirName, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
                chdir(gprofDirName);
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c 
b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
index 87ed7d3f71..f8f08f3f88 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 #include "access/htup_details.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "libpq/libpq.h"
 #include "mb/pg_wchar.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -831,7 +832,7 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
                 * Think not to make the file protection weaker than 0600.  See
                 * comments below.
                 */
-               fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 0600);
+               fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 
pg_file_create_mode);
                if (fd >= 0)
                        break;                          /* Success; exit the 
retry loop */
 
@@ -848,7 +849,7 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
                 * Read the file to get the old owner's PID.  Note race 
condition
                 * here: file might have been deleted since we tried to create 
it.
                 */
-               fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY, 0600);
+               fd = open(filename, O_RDONLY, pg_file_create_mode);
                if (fd < 0)
                {
                        if (errno == ENOENT)
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 78990f5a27..83472d9ceb 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 #include "catalog/pg_authid.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_class.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_collation.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "common/username.h"
@@ -1170,7 +1171,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/postgresql.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, conflines);
-       if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, pg_file_create_mode) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -1190,7 +1191,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        sprintf(path, "%s/postgresql.auto.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, autoconflines);
-       if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, pg_file_create_mode) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -1277,7 +1278,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pg_hba.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, conflines);
-       if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, pg_file_create_mode) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -1293,7 +1294,7 @@ setup_config(void)
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/pg_ident.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, conflines);
-       if (chmod(path, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR) != 0)
+       if (chmod(path, pg_file_create_mode) != 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change permissions of \"%s\": 
%s\n"),
                                progname, path, strerror(errno));
@@ -2692,7 +2693,7 @@ create_data_directory(void)
                                   pg_data);
                        fflush(stdout);
 
-                       if (pg_mkdir_p(pg_data, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+                       if (pg_mkdir_p(pg_data, pg_dir_create_mode) != 0)
                        {
                                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create 
directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
                                                progname, pg_data, 
strerror(errno));
@@ -2710,7 +2711,7 @@ create_data_directory(void)
                                   pg_data);
                        fflush(stdout);
 
-                       if (chmod(pg_data, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+                       if (chmod(pg_data, pg_dir_create_mode) != 0)
                        {
                                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change 
permissions of directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
                                                progname, pg_data, 
strerror(errno));
@@ -2778,7 +2779,7 @@ create_xlog_or_symlink(void)
                                           xlog_dir);
                                fflush(stdout);
 
-                               if (pg_mkdir_p(xlog_dir, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+                               if (pg_mkdir_p(xlog_dir, pg_dir_create_mode) != 
0)
                                {
                                        fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create 
directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
                                                        progname, xlog_dir, 
strerror(errno));
@@ -2796,7 +2797,7 @@ create_xlog_or_symlink(void)
                                           xlog_dir);
                                fflush(stdout);
 
-                               if (chmod(xlog_dir, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+                               if (chmod(xlog_dir, pg_dir_create_mode) != 0)
                                {
                                        fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not change 
permissions of directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
                                                        progname, xlog_dir, 
strerror(errno));
@@ -2846,7 +2847,7 @@ create_xlog_or_symlink(void)
        else
        {
                /* Without -X option, just make the subdirectory normally */
-               if (mkdir(subdirloc, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+               if (mkdir(subdirloc, pg_dir_create_mode) < 0)
                {
                        fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create directory 
\"%s\": %s\n"),
                                        progname, subdirloc, strerror(errno));
@@ -2882,7 +2883,8 @@ initialize_data_directory(void)
 
        setup_signals();
 
-       umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        create_data_directory();
 
@@ -2902,7 +2904,7 @@ initialize_data_directory(void)
                 * The parent directory already exists, so we only need mkdir() 
not
                 * pg_mkdir_p() here, which avoids some failure modes; cf bug 
#13853.
                 */
-               if (mkdir(path, S_IRWXU) < 0)
+               if (mkdir(path, pg_dir_create_mode) < 0)
                {
                        fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create directory 
\"%s\": %s\n"),
                                        progname, path, strerror(errno));
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
index c0cfa6e92c..9dfb2ed96f 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 15;
+use Test::More tests => 16;
 
 my $tempdir = TestLib::tempdir;
 my $xlogdir = "$tempdir/pgxlog";
@@ -45,6 +45,15 @@ mkdir $datadir;
 
        command_ok([ 'initdb', '-N', '-T', 'german', '-X', $xlogdir, $datadir ],
                'successful creation');
+
+       # Permissions on PGDATA should be default
+       SKIP:
+       {
+               skip "unix-style permissions not supported on Windows", 1 if 
($windows_os);
+
+               ok(check_mode_recursive($datadir, 0700, 0600),
+                  "check PGDATA permissions");
+       }
 }
 command_ok([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir ], 'sync only');
 command_fails([ 'initdb', $datadir ], 'existing data directory');
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c 
b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 8610fe8a1a..32b41e313c 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/file_utils.h"
 #include "common/string.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
@@ -629,7 +630,7 @@ StartLogStreamer(char *startpos, uint32 timeline, char 
*sysidentifier)
                                 PQserverVersion(conn) < 
MINIMUM_VERSION_FOR_PG_WAL ?
                                 "pg_xlog" : "pg_wal");
 
-               if (pg_mkdir_p(statusdir, S_IRWXU) != 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+               if (pg_mkdir_p(statusdir, pg_dir_create_mode) != 0 && errno != 
EEXIST)
                {
                        fprintf(stderr,
                                        _("%s: could not create directory 
\"%s\": %s\n"),
@@ -685,7 +686,7 @@ verify_dir_is_empty_or_create(char *dirname, bool *created, 
bool *found)
                        /*
                         * Does not exist, so create
                         */
-                       if (pg_mkdir_p(dirname, S_IRWXU) == -1)
+                       if (pg_mkdir_p(dirname, pg_dir_create_mode) == -1)
                        {
                                fprintf(stderr,
                                                _("%s: could not create 
directory \"%s\": %s\n"),
@@ -1129,7 +1130,7 @@ ReceiveTarFile(PGconn *conn, PGresult *res, int rownum)
 
                                tarCreateHeader(header, "recovery.conf", NULL,
                                                                
recoveryconfcontents->len,
-                                                               0600, 04000, 
02000,
+                                                               
pg_file_create_mode, 04000, 02000,
                                                                time(NULL));
 
                                padding = ((recoveryconfcontents->len + 511) & 
~511) - recoveryconfcontents->len;
@@ -1441,7 +1442,7 @@ ReceiveAndUnpackTarFile(PGconn *conn, PGresult *res, int 
rownum)
                                         * Directory
                                         */
                                        filename[strlen(filename) - 1] = '\0';  
/* Remove trailing slash */
-                                       if (mkdir(filename, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+                                       if (mkdir(filename, pg_dir_create_mode) 
!= 0)
                                        {
                                                /*
                                                 * When streaming WAL, pg_wal 
(or pg_xlog for pre-9.6
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl
index e2f1465472..ec54b555ed 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use Config;
 use File::Basename qw(basename dirname);
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 104;
+use Test::More tests => 105;
 
 program_help_ok('pg_basebackup');
 program_version_ok('pg_basebackup');
@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@ my $tempdir = TestLib::tempdir;
 
 my $node = get_new_node('main');
 
+# Set umask so test directories and files are created with default permissions
+umask(0077);
+
 # Initialize node without replication settings
 $node->init(extra => [ '--data-checksums' ]);
 $node->start;
@@ -93,6 +96,15 @@ $node->command_ok([ 'pg_basebackup', '-D', 
"$tempdir/backup", '-X', 'none' ],
        'pg_basebackup runs');
 ok(-f "$tempdir/backup/PG_VERSION", 'backup was created');
 
+# Permissions on backup should be default
+SKIP:
+{
+       skip "unix-style permissions not supported on Windows", 1 if 
($windows_os);
+
+       ok(check_mode_recursive("$tempdir/backup", 0700, 0600),
+          "check backup dir permissions");
+}
+
 # Only archive_status directory should be copied in pg_wal/.
 is_deeply(
        [ sort(slurp_dir("$tempdir/backup/pg_wal/")) ],
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/020_pg_receivewal.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/020_pg_receivewal.pl
index 64e3a35a87..19c106d9f5 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/020_pg_receivewal.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/020_pg_receivewal.pl
@@ -2,12 +2,15 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 use TestLib;
 use PostgresNode;
-use Test::More tests => 18;
+use Test::More tests => 19;
 
 program_help_ok('pg_receivewal');
 program_version_ok('pg_receivewal');
 program_options_handling_ok('pg_receivewal');
 
+# Set umask so test directories and files are created with default permissions
+umask(0077);
+
 my $primary = get_new_node('primary');
 $primary->init(allows_streaming => 1);
 $primary->start;
@@ -56,3 +59,12 @@ $primary->command_ok(
        [   'pg_receivewal', '-D',     $stream_dir,     '--verbose',
                '--endpos',      $nextlsn, '--synchronous', '--no-loop' ],
        'streaming some WAL with --synchronous');
+
+# Permissions on WAL files should be default
+SKIP:
+{
+       skip "unix-style permissions not supported on Windows", 1 if 
($windows_os);
+
+       ok(check_mode_recursive($stream_dir, 0700, 0600),
+          "check stream dir permissions");
+}
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/walmethods.c 
b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/walmethods.c
index b4558a0184..267a40debb 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/walmethods.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/walmethods.c
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 #endif
 
 #include "pgtar.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/file_utils.h"
 
 #include "receivelog.h"
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ dir_open_for_write(const char *pathname, const char 
*temp_suffix, size_t pad_to_
         * does not do any system calls to fsync() to make changes permanent on
         * disk.
         */
-       fd = open(tmppath, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | PG_BINARY, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+       fd = open(tmppath, O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | PG_BINARY, pg_file_create_mode);
        if (fd < 0)
                return NULL;
 
@@ -534,7 +535,8 @@ tar_open_for_write(const char *pathname, const char 
*temp_suffix, size_t pad_to_
                 * We open the tar file only when we first try to write to it.
                 */
                tar_data->fd = open(tar_data->tarfilename,
-                                                       O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | 
PG_BINARY, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+                                                       O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | 
PG_BINARY,
+                                                       pg_file_create_mode);
                if (tar_data->fd < 0)
                        return NULL;
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
index 9bc830b085..e83a7179ea 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 
 #include "catalog/pg_control.h"
 #include "common/controldata_utils.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "utils/pidfile.h"
 
@@ -2170,7 +2171,8 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
         */
        argv0 = argv[0];
 
-       umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        /* support --help and --version even if invoked as root */
        if (argc > 1)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
index 5da4746cb4..067a084c87 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use warnings;
 use Config;
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 19;
+use Test::More tests => 21;
 
 my $tempdir       = TestLib::tempdir;
 my $tempdir_short = TestLib::tempdir_short;
@@ -57,9 +57,23 @@ command_ok([ 'pg_ctl', 'stop', '-D', "$tempdir/data" ], 
'pg_ctl stop');
 command_fails([ 'pg_ctl', 'stop', '-D', "$tempdir/data" ],
        'second pg_ctl stop fails');
 
+# Log file for default permission test.  The permissions won't be checked on
+# Windows but we still want to do the restart test.
+my $logFileName = "$tempdir/data/perm-test-600.log";
+
 command_ok(
-       [ 'pg_ctl', 'restart', '-D', "$tempdir/data" ],
+       [ 'pg_ctl', 'restart', '-D', "$tempdir/data", '-l', $logFileName ],
        'pg_ctl restart with server not running');
+
+# Permissions on log file should be default
+SKIP:
+{
+       skip "unix-style permissions not supported on Windows", 2 if 
($windows_os);
+
+       ok(-f $logFileName);
+       ok(check_mode_recursive("$tempdir/data", 0700, 0600));
+}
+
 command_ok([ 'pg_ctl', 'restart', '-D', "$tempdir/data" ],
        'pg_ctl restart with server running');
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c 
b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
index eba7c5fdee..bdf71886ee 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@
 #include "catalog/catversion.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_control.h"
 #include "common/fe_memutils.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "storage/large_object.h"
 #include "pg_getopt.h"
@@ -967,7 +968,7 @@ RewriteControlFile(void)
 
        fd = open(XLOG_CONTROL_FILE,
                          O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | PG_BINARY,
-                         S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+                         pg_file_create_mode);
        if (fd < 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not create pg_control file: %s\n"),
@@ -1249,7 +1250,7 @@ WriteEmptyXLOG(void)
        unlink(path);
 
        fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | PG_BINARY,
-                         S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
+                         pg_file_create_mode);
        if (fd < 0)
        {
                fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not open file \"%s\": %s\n"),
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
index 1b157cb555..0d6ab20073 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/t/001_basic.pl
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use warnings;
 
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 11;
+use Test::More tests => 12;
 
 program_help_ok('pg_resetwal');
 program_version_ok('pg_resetwal');
@@ -15,3 +15,13 @@ $node->init;
 command_like([ 'pg_resetwal', '-n', $node->data_dir ],
                         qr/checkpoint/,
                         'pg_resetwal -n produces output');
+
+
+# Permissions on PGDATA should be default
+SKIP:
+{
+       skip "unix-style permissions not supported on Windows", 1 if 
($windows_os);
+
+       ok(check_mode_recursive($node->data_dir, 0700, 0600),
+               'check PGDATA permissions');
+}
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm b/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
index 00b5b42dd7..7b632c7dcd 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
@@ -237,6 +237,10 @@ sub run_pg_rewind
                "$tmp_folder/master-postgresql.conf.tmp",
                "$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf");
 
+       chmod(0600, "$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf")
+               or BAIL_OUT(
+                       "unable to set permissions for 
$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf");
+
        # Plug-in rewound node to the now-promoted standby node
        my $port_standby = $node_standby->port;
        $node_master->append_conf(
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
index f491ed7f5c..94bcc13ae8 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/file_ops.c
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <fcntl.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "file_ops.h"
 #include "filemap.h"
 #include "logging.h"
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ open_target_file(const char *path, bool trunc)
        mode = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | PG_BINARY;
        if (trunc)
                mode |= O_TRUNC;
-       dstfd = open(dstpath, mode, 0600);
+       dstfd = open(dstpath, mode, pg_file_create_mode);
        if (dstfd < 0)
                pg_fatal("could not open target file \"%s\": %s\n",
                                 dstpath, strerror(errno));
@@ -198,7 +199,7 @@ truncate_target_file(const char *path, off_t newsize)
 
        snprintf(dstpath, sizeof(dstpath), "%s/%s", datadir_target, path);
 
-       fd = open(dstpath, O_WRONLY, 0);
+       fd = open(dstpath, O_WRONLY, pg_file_create_mode);
        if (fd < 0)
                pg_fatal("could not open file \"%s\" for truncation: %s\n",
                                 dstpath, strerror(errno));
@@ -219,7 +220,7 @@ create_target_dir(const char *path)
                return;
 
        snprintf(dstpath, sizeof(dstpath), "%s/%s", datadir_target, path);
-       if (mkdir(dstpath, S_IRWXU) != 0)
+       if (mkdir(dstpath, pg_dir_create_mode) != 0)
                pg_fatal("could not create directory \"%s\": %s\n",
                                 dstpath, strerror(errno));
 }
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/001_basic.pl b/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/001_basic.pl
index 736f34eae3..1b0f823b0c 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/001_basic.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/001_basic.pl
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 8;
+use Test::More tests => 10;
 
 use RewindTest;
 
@@ -86,6 +86,15 @@ in master, before promotion
 ),
                'tail-copy');
 
+       # Permissions on PGDATA should be default
+       SKIP:
+       {
+               skip "unix-style permissions not supported on Windows", 1 if 
($windows_os);
+
+               ok(check_mode_recursive($node_master->data_dir(), 0700, 0600),
+                       'check PGDATA permissions');
+       }
+
        RewindTest::clean_rewind_test();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/file.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/file.c
index f38bfacf02..f68211aa20 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/file.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/file.c
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include "postgres_fe.h"
 
 #include "access/visibilitymap.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "storage/bufpage.h"
 #include "storage/checksum.h"
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ copyFile(const char *src, const char *dst,
                                 schemaName, relName, src, strerror(errno));
 
        if ((dest_fd = open(dst, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | PG_BINARY,
-                                               S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) < 0)
+                                               pg_file_create_mode)) < 0)
                pg_fatal("error while copying relation \"%s.%s\": could not 
create file \"%s\": %s\n",
                                 schemaName, relName, dst, strerror(errno));
 
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ rewriteVisibilityMap(const char *fromfile, const char 
*tofile,
                                 schemaName, relName, fromfile, 
strerror(errno));
 
        if ((dst_fd = open(tofile, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL | PG_BINARY,
-                                          S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)) < 0)
+                                          pg_file_create_mode)) < 0)
                pg_fatal("error while copying relation \"%s.%s\": could not 
create file \"%s\": %s\n",
                                 schemaName, relName, tofile, strerror(errno));
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index d12412799f..59df6fd88f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 
 #include "pg_upgrade.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_class.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "fe_utils/string_utils.h"
 
@@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
        set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], PG_TEXTDOMAIN("pg_upgrade"));
 
        /* Ensure that all files created by pg_upgrade are non-world-readable */
-       umask(S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO);
+       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        parseCommandLine(argc, argv);
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
index 39983abea1..574639d47e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
@@ -230,6 +230,17 @@ standard_initdb 'initdb'
 
 pg_upgrade $PG_UPGRADE_OPTS -d "${PGDATA}.old" -D "${PGDATA}" -b "$oldbindir" 
-B "$bindir" -p "$PGPORT" -P "$PGPORT"
 
+# make sure all directories and files have correct permissions
+if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type f ! -perm 600 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
+       echo "files in PGDATA with permission != 600";
+       exit 1;
+fi
+
+if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type d ! -perm 700 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
+       echo "directories in PGDATA with permission != 700";
+       exit 1;
+fi
+
 pg_ctl start -l "$logdir/postmaster2.log" -o "$POSTMASTER_OPTS" -w
 
 case $testhost in
diff --git a/src/common/Makefile b/src/common/Makefile
index 873fbb6438..e9e75867f3 100644
--- a/src/common/Makefile
+++ b/src/common/Makefile
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ override CPPFLAGS += -DVAL_LIBS="\"$(LIBS)\""
 override CPPFLAGS := -DFRONTEND $(CPPFLAGS)
 LIBS += $(PTHREAD_LIBS)
 
-OBJS_COMMON = base64.o config_info.o controldata_utils.o exec.o ip.o \
-       keywords.o md5.o pg_lzcompress.o pgfnames.o psprintf.o relpath.o \
+OBJS_COMMON = base64.o config_info.o controldata_utils.o exec.o file_perm.o \
+       ip.o keywords.o md5.o pg_lzcompress.o pgfnames.o psprintf.o relpath.o \
        rmtree.o saslprep.o scram-common.o string.o unicode_norm.o \
        username.o wait_error.o
 
diff --git a/src/common/file_perm.c b/src/common/file_perm.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5f0c02fb04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/file_perm.c
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * File and directory permission routines
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2018, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/include/common/file_perm.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
+
+/* Modes for creating directories and files in the data directory */
+int pg_dir_create_mode = PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT;
+int pg_file_create_mode = PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT;
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_perm.h b/src/include/common/file_perm.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..46b91f0c7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/include/common/file_perm.h
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * File and directory permission constants
+ *
+ *
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1996-2018, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ * Portions Copyright (c) 1994, Regents of the University of California
+ *
+ * src/include/common/file_perm.h
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#ifndef FILE_PERM_H
+#define FILE_PERM_H
+
+/*
+ * Default mode mask for data directory permissions only allows the owner to
+ * read/write directories and files.
+ */
+#define PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT           (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)
+
+/* Default mode for creating directories */
+#define PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT                    S_IRWXU
+
+/* Default mode for creating files */
+#define PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT           (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)
+
+/* Modes for creating directories and files in the data directory */
+extern int pg_dir_create_mode;
+extern int pg_file_create_mode;
+
+#endif                                                 /* FILE_PERM_H */
diff --git a/src/include/storage/fd.h b/src/include/storage/fd.h
index e49b42ce86..340dbd4d3b 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/fd.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/fd.h
@@ -112,6 +112,9 @@ extern int  CloseTransientFile(int fd);
 extern int     BasicOpenFile(const char *fileName, int fileFlags);
 extern int     BasicOpenFilePerm(const char *fileName, int fileFlags, mode_t 
fileMode);
 
+ /* Make a directory with default permissions */
+extern int MakeDirectoryDefaultPerm(const char *directoryName);
+
 /* Miscellaneous support routines */
 extern void InitFileAccess(void);
 extern void set_max_safe_fds(void);
diff --git a/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm b/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
index 80188315f1..76e571b98c 100644
--- a/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
+++ b/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
@@ -484,6 +484,9 @@ sub append_conf
        my $conffile = $self->data_dir . '/' . $filename;
 
        TestLib::append_to_file($conffile, $str . "\n");
+
+    chmod(0600, $conffile)
+        or die("unable to set permissions for $conffile");
 }
 
 =pod
diff --git a/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm b/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
index b6862688d4..93610e4bc4 100644
--- a/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
+++ b/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
@@ -13,8 +13,11 @@ use warnings;
 use Config;
 use Cwd;
 use Exporter 'import';
+use Fcntl qw(:mode);
 use File::Basename;
+use File::Find;
 use File::Spec;
+use File::stat qw(stat);
 use File::Temp ();
 use IPC::Run;
 use SimpleTee;
@@ -27,6 +30,7 @@ our @EXPORT = qw(
   slurp_dir
   slurp_file
   append_to_file
+  check_mode_recursive
   check_pg_config
   system_or_bail
   system_log
@@ -240,6 +244,75 @@ sub append_to_file
        close $fh;
 }
 
+# Check that all file/dir modes in a directory match the expected values,
+# ignoring the mode of any specified files.
+sub check_mode_recursive
+{
+       my ($dir, $expected_dir_mode, $expected_file_mode, $ignore_list) = @_;
+
+       # Result defaults to true
+       my $result = 1;
+
+       find
+       (
+               {follow_fast => 1,
+               wanted =>
+                       sub
+                       {
+                               my $file_stat = stat($File::Find::name);
+
+                               # Is file in the ignore list?
+                               foreach my $ignore ($ignore_list ? 
@{$ignore_list} : [])
+                               {
+                                       if ("$dir/$ignore" eq $File::Find::name)
+                                       {
+                                               return;
+                                       }
+                               }
+
+                               defined($file_stat)
+                                       or die("unable to stat 
$File::Find::name");
+
+                               my $file_mode = S_IMODE($file_stat->mode);
+
+                               # Is this a file?
+                               if (S_ISREG($file_stat->mode))
+                               {
+                                       if ($file_mode != $expected_file_mode)
+                                       {
+                                               print(*STDERR,
+                                                       
sprintf("$File::Find::name mode must be %04o\n",
+                                                       $expected_file_mode));
+
+                                               $result = 0;
+                                               return;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               # Else a directory?
+                               elsif (S_ISDIR($file_stat->mode))
+                               {
+                                       if ($file_mode != $expected_dir_mode)
+                                       {
+                                               print(*STDERR,
+                                                       
sprintf("$File::Find::name mode must be %04o\n",
+                                                       $expected_dir_mode));
+
+                                               $result = 0;
+                                               return;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               # Else something we can't handle
+                               else
+                               {
+                                       die "unknown file type for 
$File::Find::name";
+                               }
+                       }},
+               $dir
+       );
+
+       return $result;
+}
+
 # Check presence of a given regexp within pg_config.h for the installation
 # where tests are running, returning a match status result depending on
 # that.
diff --git a/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm b/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm
index 41d720880a..1d3ed6b0b1 100644
--- a/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm
+++ b/src/tools/msvc/Mkvcbuild.pm
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ sub mkvcbuild
        }
 
        our @pgcommonallfiles = qw(
-         base64.c config_info.c controldata_utils.c exec.c ip.c keywords.c
-         md5.c pg_lzcompress.c pgfnames.c psprintf.c relpath.c rmtree.c
+         base64.c config_info.c controldata_utils.c exec.c file_perm.c ip.c
+         keywords.c md5.c pg_lzcompress.c pgfnames.c psprintf.c relpath.c 
rmtree.c
          saslprep.c scram-common.c string.c unicode_norm.c username.c
          wait_error.c);
 
-- 
2.14.3 (Apple Git-98)
From 9555d403c5188d4dc8cad70c2f4a509c3e8440c3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: David Steele <da...@pgmasters.net>
Date: Thu, 5 Apr 2018 11:37:30 -0400
Subject: [PATCH 2/2] Allow group access on PGDATA.

This includes backend changes, utility changes (initdb, pg_ctl, pg_upgrade, 
etc.) and tests for each utility.
---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml                 |  19 +++++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml          |   6 ++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_receivewal.sgml          |   6 ++
 doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_recvlogical.sgml         |  11 +++
 doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml                    |  14 +++-
 src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c            |  12 +--
 src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c          |  81 ++----------------
 src/backend/tcop/postgres.c                  |   3 +-
 src/backend/utils/init/globals.c             |   9 ++
 src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c            | 120 ++++++++++++++++++++++++---
 src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c                 |  25 ++++++
 src/bin/initdb/initdb.c                      |  24 +++++-
 src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl               |  20 ++++-
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c        |  22 +++--
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_receivewal.c        |   7 ++
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_recvlogical.c       |   7 ++
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/streamutil.c           |  69 +++++++++++++++
 src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl |  26 ++++--
 src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c                      |  12 ++-
 src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl           |  25 +++++-
 src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c            |  10 +++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm              |   9 +-
 src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c                |  11 +++
 src/bin/pg_rewind/t/002_databases.pl         |  13 ++-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c              |  12 ++-
 src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh                   |  16 ++--
 src/common/file_perm.c                       |  68 +++++++++++++++
 src/include/common/file_perm.h               |  20 +++++
 src/include/miscadmin.h                      |   2 +
 src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm                |  27 +++++-
 src/test/perl/TestLib.pm                     |  25 ++++++
 31 files changed, 603 insertions(+), 128 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
index 949b5a220f..1d41e91794 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/initdb.sgml
@@ -76,6 +76,14 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
    to do so.)
   </para>
 
+  <para>
+    For security reasons the new cluster created by <command>initdb</command>
+    will only be accessible by the cluster owner by default.  The
+    <option>--allow-group-access</option> option allows any user in the same
+    group as the cluster owner to read files in the cluster.  This is useful
+    for performing backups as a non-privileged user.
+  </para>
+
   <para>
    <command>initdb</command> initializes the database cluster's default
    locale and character set encoding. The character set encoding,
@@ -301,6 +309,17 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
       </listitem>
      </varlistentry>
 
+     <varlistentry>
+      <term><option>-g</option></term>
+      <term><option>--allow-group-access</option></term>
+      <listitem>
+       <para>
+        Allows users in the same group as the cluster owner to read all cluster
+        files created by <command>initdb</command>.
+       </para>
+      </listitem>
+     </varlistentry>
+
      <varlistentry>
       <term><option>-W</option></term>
       <term><option>--pwprompt</option></term>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml 
b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
index 95045669c9..fc1edf4864 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_basebackup.sgml
@@ -737,6 +737,12 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
    or later.
   </para>
 
+  <para>
+   <application>pg_basebackup</application> will preserve group permissions in
+   both the <literal>plain</literal> and <literal>tar</literal> formats if 
group
+   permissions are enabled on the source cluster.
+  </para>
+
  </refsect1>
 
  <refsect1>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_receivewal.sgml 
b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_receivewal.sgml
index e3f2ce1fcb..a18ddd4bff 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_receivewal.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_receivewal.sgml
@@ -425,6 +425,12 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
    not keep up with fetching the WAL data.
   </para>
 
+  <para>
+   <application>pg_receivewal</application> will preserve group permissions on
+   the received WAL files if group permissions are enabled on the source
+   cluster.
+  </para>
+
  </refsect1>
 
  <refsect1>
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_recvlogical.sgml 
b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_recvlogical.sgml
index a79ca20084..141c5cddce 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_recvlogical.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_recvlogical.sgml
@@ -399,6 +399,17 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
   </para>
  </refsect1>
 
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>Notes</title>
+
+  <para>
+   <application>pg_recvlogical</application> will preserve group permissions on
+   the received WAL files if group permissions are enabled on the source
+   cluster.
+  </para>
+
+ </refsect1>
+
  <refsect1>
   <title>Examples</title>
 
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
index 587b430527..40ce3d9813 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/runtime.sgml
@@ -137,7 +137,10 @@ postgres$ <userinput>initdb -D 
/usr/local/pgsql/data</userinput>
    database, it is essential that it be secured from unauthorized
    access. <command>initdb</command> therefore revokes access
    permissions from everyone but the
-   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user.
+   <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> user, and optionally, group.
+   Group access, when enabled, is read-only.  This allows an unprivileged
+   user in the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> group to take a backup of
+   the cluster data or perform other operations that only require read access.
   </para>
 
   <para>
@@ -2194,6 +2197,15 @@ pg_dumpall -p 5432 | psql -d postgres -p 5433
    member of the group that has access to those certificate and key files.
   </para>
 
+  <para>
+    If the data directory allows group read access then certificate files may
+    need to be located outside of the data directory in order to conform to the
+    security requirements outlined above.  Generally, group access is enabled
+    to allow an unprivileged user to backup the database, and in that case the
+    backup software will not be able to read the certificate files and will
+    likely error.
+  </para>
+
   <para>
    If the private key is protected with a passphrase, the
    server will prompt for the passphrase and will not start until it has
diff --git a/src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c 
b/src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c
index 28ff2f0979..cc9436a6be 100644
--- a/src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c
+++ b/src/backend/bootstrap/bootstrap.c
@@ -349,13 +349,15 @@ AuxiliaryProcessMain(int argc, char *argv[])
                        proc_exit(1);
        }
 
-       /* Validate we have been given a reasonable-looking DataDir */
-       Assert(DataDir);
-       ValidatePgVersion(DataDir);
-
-       /* Change into DataDir (if under postmaster, should be done already) */
+       /*
+        * Validate we have been given a reasonable-looking DataDir and change 
into
+        * it (if under postmaster, should be done already).
+        */
        if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
+       {
+               checkDataDir();
                ChangeToDataDir();
+       }
 
        /* If standalone, create lockfile for data directory */
        if (!IsUnderPostmaster)
diff --git a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c 
b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
index 868fba8cac..21343e3449 100644
--- a/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
+++ b/src/backend/postmaster/postmaster.c
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ static DNSServiceRef bonjour_sdref = NULL;
 static void CloseServerPorts(int status, Datum arg);
 static void unlink_external_pid_file(int status, Datum arg);
 static void getInstallationPaths(const char *argv0);
-static void checkDataDir(void);
+static void checkControlFile(void);
 static Port *ConnCreate(int serverFd);
 static void ConnFree(Port *port);
 static void reset_shared(int port);
@@ -588,7 +588,9 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
        IsPostmasterEnvironment = true;
 
        /*
-        * for security, no dir or file created can be group or other accessible
+        * By default, no directory or file created can be group or other
+        * accessible.  This may be modified later depending on the permissions 
of
+        * the data directory.
         */
        umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
@@ -877,6 +879,9 @@ PostmasterMain(int argc, char *argv[])
        /* Verify that DataDir looks reasonable */
        checkDataDir();
 
+       /* Check that pg_control exists */
+       checkControlFile();
+
        /* And switch working directory into it */
        ChangeToDataDir();
 
@@ -1469,82 +1474,14 @@ getInstallationPaths(const char *argv0)
         */
 }
 
-
 /*
- * Validate the proposed data directory
+ * Check that pg_control exists in the correct location in the data directory.
  */
 static void
-checkDataDir(void)
+checkControlFile(void)
 {
        char            path[MAXPGPATH];
        FILE       *fp;
-       struct stat stat_buf;
-
-       Assert(DataDir);
-
-       if (stat(DataDir, &stat_buf) != 0)
-       {
-               if (errno == ENOENT)
-                       ereport(FATAL,
-                                       (errcode_for_file_access(),
-                                        errmsg("data directory \"%s\" does not 
exist",
-                                                       DataDir)));
-               else
-                       ereport(FATAL,
-                                       (errcode_for_file_access(),
-                                        errmsg("could not read permissions of 
directory \"%s\": %m",
-                                                       DataDir)));
-       }
-
-       /* eventual chdir would fail anyway, but let's test ... */
-       if (!S_ISDIR(stat_buf.st_mode))
-               ereport(FATAL,
-                               
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
-                                errmsg("specified data directory \"%s\" is not 
a directory",
-                                               DataDir)));
-
-       /*
-        * Check that the directory belongs to my userid; if not, reject.
-        *
-        * This check is an essential part of the interlock that prevents two
-        * postmasters from starting in the same directory (see 
CreateLockFile()).
-        * Do not remove or weaken it.
-        *
-        * XXX can we safely enable this check on Windows?
-        */
-#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
-       if (stat_buf.st_uid != geteuid())
-               ereport(FATAL,
-                               
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
-                                errmsg("data directory \"%s\" has wrong 
ownership",
-                                               DataDir),
-                                errhint("The server must be started by the 
user that owns the data directory.")));
-#endif
-
-       /*
-        * Check if the directory has group or world access.  If so, reject.
-        *
-        * It would be possible to allow weaker constraints (for example, allow
-        * group access) but we cannot make a general assumption that that is
-        * okay; for example there are platforms where nearly all users
-        * customarily belong to the same group.  Perhaps this test should be
-        * configurable.
-        *
-        * XXX temporarily suppress check when on Windows, because there may not
-        * be proper support for Unix-y file permissions.  Need to think of a
-        * reasonable check to apply on Windows.
-        */
-#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
-       if (stat_buf.st_mode & (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO))
-               ereport(FATAL,
-                               
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
-                                errmsg("data directory \"%s\" has group or 
world access",
-                                               DataDir),
-                                errdetail("Permissions should be u=rwx 
(0700).")));
-#endif
-
-       /* Look for PG_VERSION before looking for pg_control */
-       ValidatePgVersion(DataDir);
 
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/global/pg_control", DataDir);
 
diff --git a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
index 6fc1cc272b..ec3ef1a0a6 100644
--- a/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
+++ b/src/backend/tcop/postgres.c
@@ -3731,8 +3731,7 @@ PostgresMain(int argc, char *argv[],
                 * Validate we have been given a reasonable-looking DataDir (if 
under
                 * postmaster, assume postmaster did this already).
                 */
-               Assert(DataDir);
-               ValidatePgVersion(DataDir);
+               checkDataDir();
 
                /* Change into DataDir (if under postmaster, was done already) 
*/
                ChangeToDataDir();
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/globals.c b/src/backend/utils/init/globals.c
index c1f0441b08..1d463a9ade 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/globals.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/globals.c
@@ -16,8 +16,11 @@
  *
  *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
  */
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+
 #include "postgres.h"
 
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "libpq/libpq-be.h"
 #include "libpq/pqcomm.h"
 #include "miscadmin.h"
@@ -59,6 +62,12 @@ struct Latch *MyLatch;
  */
 char      *DataDir = NULL;
 
+/*
+ * Mode of the data directory.  The default is 0700 but may it be changed in
+ * checkDataDir() to 0750 if the data directory actually has that mode.
+ */
+int data_directory_mode = PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT;
+
 char           OutputFileName[MAXPGPATH];      /* debugging output file */
 
 char           my_exec_path[MAXPGPATH];        /* full path to my executable */
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c 
b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
index f8f08f3f88..d1dc103e94 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/init/miscinit.c
@@ -88,6 +88,105 @@ SetDatabasePath(const char *path)
        DatabasePath = MemoryContextStrdup(TopMemoryContext, path);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Validate the proposed data directory.
+ *
+ * Also initialize file and directory create modes and mode mask.
+ */
+void
+checkDataDir(void)
+{
+       struct stat stat_buf;
+
+       Assert(DataDir);
+
+       if (stat(DataDir, &stat_buf) != 0)
+       {
+               if (errno == ENOENT)
+                       ereport(FATAL,
+                                       (errcode_for_file_access(),
+                                        errmsg("data directory \"%s\" does not 
exist",
+                                                       DataDir)));
+               else
+                       ereport(FATAL,
+                                       (errcode_for_file_access(),
+                                        errmsg("could not read permissions of 
directory \"%s\": %m",
+                                                       DataDir)));
+       }
+
+       /* eventual chdir would fail anyway, but let's test ... */
+       if (!S_ISDIR(stat_buf.st_mode))
+               ereport(FATAL,
+                               
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+                                errmsg("specified data directory \"%s\" is not 
a directory",
+                                               DataDir)));
+
+       /*
+        * Check that the directory belongs to my userid; if not, reject.
+        *
+        * This check is an essential part of the interlock that prevents two
+        * postmasters from starting in the same directory (see 
CreateLockFile()).
+        * Do not remove or weaken it.
+        *
+        * XXX can we safely enable this check on Windows?
+        */
+#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+       if (stat_buf.st_uid != geteuid())
+               ereport(FATAL,
+                               
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+                                errmsg("data directory \"%s\" has wrong 
ownership",
+                                               DataDir),
+                                errhint("The server must be started by the 
user that owns the data directory.")));
+#endif
+
+       /*
+        * Check if the directory has correct permissions.  If not, reject.
+        *
+        * Only two possible modes are allowed, 0700 and 0750.  The latter mode
+        * indicates that group read/execute should be allowed on all newly 
created
+        * files and directories.
+        *
+        * XXX temporarily suppress check when on Windows, because there may not
+        * be proper support for Unix-y file permissions.  Need to think of a
+        * reasonable check to apply on Windows.
+        */
+#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+       if (stat_buf.st_mode & PG_MODE_MASK_GROUP)
+               ereport(FATAL,
+                               
(errcode(ERRCODE_OBJECT_NOT_IN_PREREQUISITE_STATE),
+                                errmsg("data directory \"%s\" has invalid 
permissions",
+                                               DataDir),
+                                errdetail("Permissions should be u=rwx (0700) 
or u=rwx,g=rx (0750).")));
+#endif
+
+       /*
+        * Reset creation modes and mask based on the mode of the data 
directory.
+        *
+        * The mask was set earlier in startup to disallow group permissions on
+        * newly created files and directories.  However, if group read/execute 
are
+        * present on the data directory then modify the create modes and mask 
to
+        * allow group read/execute on newly created files and directories and 
set
+        * the data_directory_mode GUC.
+        *
+        * Suppress when on Windows, because there may not be proper support
+        * for Unix-y file permissions.
+        */
+#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+       SetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(stat_buf.st_mode);
+
+       if (pg_dir_create_mode == PG_DIR_MODE_GROUP)
+       {
+               umask(pg_mode_mask);
+
+               SetConfigOption("data_directory_mode", "0750", PGC_INTERNAL,
+                                               PGC_S_OVERRIDE);
+       }
+#endif
+
+       /* Check for for PG_VERSION */
+       ValidatePgVersion(DataDir);
+}
+
 /*
  * Set data directory, but make sure it's an absolute path.  Use this,
  * never set DataDir directly.
@@ -829,7 +928,7 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
                /*
                 * Try to create the lock file --- O_EXCL makes this atomic.
                 *
-                * Think not to make the file protection weaker than 0600.  See
+                * Think not to make the file protection weaker than 0600/0640. 
 See
                 * comments below.
                 */
                fd = open(filename, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, 
pg_file_create_mode);
@@ -899,17 +998,14 @@ CreateLockFile(const char *filename, bool amPostmaster,
                 * implies that the existing process has a different userid 
than we
                 * do, which means it cannot be a competing postmaster.  A 
postmaster
                 * cannot successfully attach to a data directory owned by a 
userid
-                * other than its own.  (This is now checked directly in
-                * checkDataDir(), but has been true for a long time because of 
the
-                * restriction that the data directory isn't group- or
-                * world-accessible.)  Also, since we create the lockfiles mode 
600,
-                * we'd have failed above if the lockfile belonged to another 
userid
-                * --- which means that whatever process kill() is reporting 
about
-                * isn't the one that made the lockfile.  (NOTE: this last
-                * consideration is the only one that keeps us from blowing 
away a
-                * Unix socket file belonging to an instance of Postgres being 
run by
-                * someone else, at least on machines where /tmp hasn't got a
-                * stickybit.)
+                * other than its own, as enforced in checkDataDir(). Also, 
since we
+                * create the lockfiles mode 0600/0640, we'd have failed above 
if the
+                * lockfile belonged to another userid --- which means that 
whatever
+                * process kill() is reporting about isn't the one that made the
+                * lockfile.  (NOTE: this last consideration is the only one 
that keeps
+                * us from blowing away a Unix socket file belonging to an 
instance of
+                * Postgres being run by someone else, at least on machines 
where /tmp
+                * hasn't got a stickybit.)
                 */
                if (other_pid != my_pid && other_pid != my_p_pid &&
                        other_pid != my_gp_pid)
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
index 260ae264d8..fa92ce2e68 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/guc.c
@@ -192,6 +192,7 @@ static void assign_application_name(const char *newval, 
void *extra);
 static bool check_cluster_name(char **newval, void **extra, GucSource source);
 static const char *show_unix_socket_permissions(void);
 static const char *show_log_file_mode(void);
+static const char *show_data_directory_mode(void);
 
 /* Private functions in guc-file.l that need to be called from guc.c */
 static ConfigVariable *ProcessConfigFileInternal(GucContext context,
@@ -2042,6 +2043,21 @@ static struct config_int ConfigureNamesInt[] =
                NULL, NULL, show_log_file_mode
        },
 
+
+       {
+               {"data_directory_mode", PGC_INTERNAL, PRESET_OPTIONS,
+                       gettext_noop("Mode of the data directory."),
+                       gettext_noop("The parameter value is a numeric mode 
specification "
+                                                "in the form accepted by the 
chmod and umask system "
+                                                "calls. (To use the customary 
octal format the number "
+                                                "must start with a 0 
(zero).)"),
+                       GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE | GUC_DISALLOW_IN_FILE
+               },
+               &data_directory_mode,
+               0700, 0000, 0777,
+               NULL, NULL, show_data_directory_mode
+       },
+
        {
                {"work_mem", PGC_USERSET, RESOURCES_MEM,
                        gettext_noop("Sets the maximum memory to be used for 
query workspaces."),
@@ -10731,4 +10747,13 @@ show_log_file_mode(void)
        return buf;
 }
 
+static const char *
+show_data_directory_mode(void)
+{
+       static char buf[12];
+
+       snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%04o", data_directory_mode);
+       return buf;
+}
+
 #include "guc-file.c"
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
index 83472d9ceb..a40c07649f 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/initdb.c
@@ -1168,6 +1168,19 @@ setup_config(void)
                                                                  
"password_encryption = scram-sha-256");
        }
 
+       /*
+        * If group access has been enabled for the cluster then it makes sense
+        * to ensure that the log files also allow group access.  Otherwise a
+        * backup from a user in the group would fail if the log files were not
+        * relocated.
+        */
+       if (pg_dir_create_mode == PG_DIR_MODE_GROUP)
+       {
+               conflines = replace_token(conflines,
+                                                                 
"#log_file_mode = 0600",
+                                                                 
"log_file_mode = 0640");
+       }
+
        snprintf(path, sizeof(path), "%s/postgresql.conf", pg_data);
 
        writefile(path, conflines);
@@ -2312,6 +2325,7 @@ usage(const char *progname)
        printf(_("      --auth-local=METHOD   default authentication method for 
local-socket connections\n"));
        printf(_(" [-D, --pgdata=]DATADIR     location for this database 
cluster\n"));
        printf(_("  -E, --encoding=ENCODING   set default encoding for new 
databases\n"));
+       printf(_("  -g, --allow-group-access  allow group read/execute on data 
directory\n"));
        printf(_("      --locale=LOCALE       set default locale for new 
databases\n"));
        printf(_("      --lc-collate=, --lc-ctype=, --lc-messages=LOCALE\n"
                         "      --lc-monetary=, --lc-numeric=, 
--lc-time=LOCALE\n"
@@ -2883,8 +2897,8 @@ initialize_data_directory(void)
 
        setup_signals();
 
-       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
-       umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
+       /* Set mask based on requested PGDATA permissions */
+       umask(pg_mode_mask);
 
        create_data_directory();
 
@@ -3018,6 +3032,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                {"waldir", required_argument, NULL, 'X'},
                {"wal-segsize", required_argument, NULL, 12},
                {"data-checksums", no_argument, NULL, 'k'},
+               {"allow-group-access", no_argument, NULL, 'g'},
                {NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
        };
 
@@ -3059,7 +3074,7 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
 
        /* process command-line options */
 
-       while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "dD:E:kL:nNU:WA:sST:X:", 
long_options, &option_index)) != -1)
+       while ((c = getopt_long(argc, argv, "dD:E:kL:nNU:WA:sST:X:g", 
long_options, &option_index)) != -1)
        {
                switch (c)
                {
@@ -3153,6 +3168,9 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                        case 12:
                                str_wal_segment_size_mb = pg_strdup(optarg);
                                break;
+                       case 'g':
+                               SetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(PG_DIR_MODE_GROUP);
+                               break;
                        default:
                                /* getopt_long already emitted a complaint */
                                fprintf(stderr, _("Try \"%s --help\" for more 
information.\n"),
diff --git a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
index 9dfb2ed96f..8609d2ecbc 100644
--- a/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
+++ b/src/bin/initdb/t/001_initdb.pl
@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@
 
 use strict;
 use warnings;
+use Fcntl ':mode';
+use File::stat qw{lstat};
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 16;
+use Test::More tests => 18;
 
 my $tempdir = TestLib::tempdir;
 my $xlogdir = "$tempdir/pgxlog";
@@ -57,3 +59,19 @@ mkdir $datadir;
 }
 command_ok([ 'initdb', '-S', $datadir ], 'sync only');
 command_fails([ 'initdb', $datadir ], 'existing data directory');
+
+# Check group access on PGDATA
+SKIP:
+{
+       skip "unix-style permissions not supported on Windows", 2 if 
($windows_os);
+
+       # Init a new db with group access
+       my $datadir_group = "$tempdir/data_group";
+
+       command_ok(
+               [ 'initdb', '-g', $datadir_group ],
+               'successful creation with group access');
+
+       ok(check_mode_recursive($datadir_group, 0750, 0640),
+               'check PGDATA permissions');
+}
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c 
b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
index 32b41e313c..5cd535184a 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_basebackup.c
@@ -2470,14 +2470,6 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
        }
 #endif
 
-       /*
-        * Verify that the target directory exists, or create it. For plaintext
-        * backups, always require the directory. For tar backups, require it
-        * unless we are writing to stdout.
-        */
-       if (format == 'p' || strcmp(basedir, "-") != 0)
-               verify_dir_is_empty_or_create(basedir, &made_new_pgdata, 
&found_existing_pgdata);
-
        /* connection in replication mode to server */
        conn = GetConnection();
        if (!conn)
@@ -2486,6 +2478,20 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
                exit(1);
        }
 
+       /*
+        * Set umask so that directories/files are created with the same 
permissions
+        * as directories/files in the source data directory.
+        */
+       umask(pg_mode_mask);
+
+       /*
+        * Verify that the target directory exists, or create it. For plaintext
+        * backups, always require the directory. For tar backups, require it
+        * unless we are writing to stdout.
+        */
+       if (format == 'p' || strcmp(basedir, "-") != 0)
+               verify_dir_is_empty_or_create(basedir, &made_new_pgdata, 
&found_existing_pgdata);
+
        /* determine remote server's xlog segment size */
        if (!RetrieveWalSegSize(conn))
                disconnect_and_exit(1);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_receivewal.c 
b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_receivewal.c
index b82e073b86..f23ecf799f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_receivewal.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_receivewal.c
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
@@ -703,6 +704,12 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
        if (!RunIdentifySystem(conn, NULL, NULL, NULL, &db_name))
                disconnect_and_exit(1);
 
+       /*
+        * Set umask so that directories/files are created with the same 
permissions
+        * as directories/files in the source data directory.
+        */
+       umask(pg_mode_mask);
+
        /* determine remote server's xlog segment size */
        if (!RetrieveWalSegSize(conn))
                disconnect_and_exit(1);
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_recvlogical.c 
b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_recvlogical.c
index 0866395944..e3b6404b1f 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_recvlogical.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/pg_recvlogical.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 #include "streamutil.h"
 
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/fe_memutils.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "libpq-fe.h"
@@ -959,6 +960,12 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
                disconnect_and_exit(1);
        }
 
+       /*
+        * Set umask so that directories/files are created with the same 
permissions
+        * as directories/files in the source data directory.
+        */
+       umask(pg_mode_mask);
+
        /* Drop a replication slot. */
        if (do_drop_slot)
        {
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/streamutil.c 
b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/streamutil.c
index 1438f368ed..494acfec0e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/streamutil.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/streamutil.c
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "common/fe_memutils.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "datatype/timestamp.h"
 #include "fe_utils/connect.h"
 #include "port/pg_bswap.h"
@@ -32,9 +33,16 @@
 
 uint32         WalSegSz;
 
+static bool RetrieveDataDirCreatePerm(PGconn *conn);
+
 /* SHOW command for replication connection was introduced in version 10 */
 #define MINIMUM_VERSION_FOR_SHOW_CMD 100000
 
+/*
+ * Group access is supported from version 11.
+ */
+#define MINIMUM_VERSION_FOR_GROUP_ACCESS 110000
+
 const char *progname;
 char      *connection_string = NULL;
 char      *dbhost = NULL;
@@ -254,6 +262,16 @@ GetConnection(void)
                exit(1);
        }
 
+       /*
+        * Retrieve the source data directory mode and use to construct a umask
+        * for creating directories and files
+        */
+       if (!RetrieveDataDirCreatePerm(tmpconn))
+       {
+               PQfinish(tmpconn);
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
        return tmpconn;
 }
 
@@ -327,6 +345,57 @@ RetrieveWalSegSize(PGconn *conn)
        return true;
 }
 
+/*
+ * From version 11, check the mode of the data directory to determine
+ * permissions to use for directories created by the utility.
+ */
+static bool
+RetrieveDataDirCreatePerm(PGconn *conn)
+{
+       PGresult   *res;
+       int data_directory_mode;
+
+       /* check connection existence */
+       Assert(conn != NULL);
+
+       /* for previous versions leave the default group access */
+       if (PQserverVersion(conn) < MINIMUM_VERSION_FOR_GROUP_ACCESS)
+               return true;
+
+       res = PQexec(conn, "SHOW data_directory_mode");
+       if (PQresultStatus(res) != PGRES_TUPLES_OK)
+       {
+               fprintf(stderr, _("%s: could not send replication command 
\"%s\": %s\n"),
+                               progname, "SHOW data_directory_mode", 
PQerrorMessage(conn));
+
+               PQclear(res);
+               return false;
+       }
+       if (PQntuples(res) != 1 || PQnfields(res) < 1)
+       {
+               fprintf(stderr,
+                               _("%s: could not fetch group access flag: got 
%d rows and %d fields, expected %d rows and %d or more fields\n"),
+                               progname, PQntuples(res), PQnfields(res), 1, 1);
+
+               PQclear(res);
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       if (sscanf(PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0), "%o", &data_directory_mode) != 1)
+       {
+               fprintf(stderr, _("%s: group access flag could not be parsed: 
%s\n"),
+                               progname, PQgetvalue(res, 0, 0));
+
+               PQclear(res);
+               return false;
+       }
+
+       SetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(data_directory_mode);
+
+       PQclear(res);
+       return true;
+}
+
 /*
  * Run IDENTIFY_SYSTEM through a given connection and give back to caller
  * some result information if requested:
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl
index ec54b555ed..a40e9c2d51 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_basebackup/t/010_pg_basebackup.pl
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use Config;
 use File::Basename qw(basename dirname);
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 105;
+use Test::More tests => 106;
 
 program_help_ok('pg_basebackup');
 program_version_ok('pg_basebackup');
@@ -43,11 +43,6 @@ $node->command_fails(
 
 ok(!-d "$tempdir/backup", 'backup directory was cleaned up');
 
-$node->command_fails([ 'pg_basebackup', '-D', "$tempdir/backup", '-n' ],
-       'failing run with no-clean option');
-
-ok(-d "$tempdir/backup", 'backup directory was created and left behind');
-
 open my $conf, '>>', "$pgdata/postgresql.conf";
 print $conf "max_replication_slots = 10\n";
 print $conf "max_wal_senders = 10\n";
@@ -162,6 +157,13 @@ ok(-f "$tempdir/tarbackup/base.tar", 'backup tar was 
created');
 $node->command_fails(
        [ 'pg_basebackup', '-D', "$tempdir/backup_foo", '-Fp', "-T=/foo" ],
        '-T with empty old directory fails');
+
+$node->command_fails(
+       [ 'pg_basebackup', '-D', "$tempdir/backup_foo", '-Fp', "-T=/foo", "-n" 
],
+       'failing run with no-clean option');
+
+ok(-d "$tempdir/backup", 'backup directory was created and left behind');
+
 $node->command_fails(
        [ 'pg_basebackup', '-D', "$tempdir/backup_foo", '-Fp', "-T/foo=" ],
        '-T with empty new directory fails');
@@ -195,11 +197,17 @@ unlink "$pgdata/$superlongname";
 # skip on Windows.
 SKIP:
 {
-       skip "symlinks not supported on Windows", 17 if ($windows_os);
+       skip "symlinks not supported on Windows", 18 if ($windows_os);
 
        # Move pg_replslot out of $pgdata and create a symlink to it.
        $node->stop;
 
+       # Set umask so test directories and files are created with group 
permissions
+       umask(0027);
+
+       # Enable group permissions on PGDATA
+       chmod_recursive("$pgdata", 0750, 0640);
+
        rename("$pgdata/pg_replslot", "$tempdir/pg_replslot")
          or BAIL_OUT "could not move $pgdata/pg_replslot";
        symlink("$tempdir/pg_replslot", "$pgdata/pg_replslot")
@@ -269,6 +277,10 @@ SKIP:
                "tablespace symlink was updated");
        closedir $dh;
 
+       # Group access should be enabled on all backup files
+       ok(check_mode_recursive("$tempdir/backup1", 0750, 0640),
+          "check backup dir permissions");
+
        # Unlogged relation forks other than init should not be copied
        my ($tblspc1UnloggedBackupPath) = $tblspc1UnloggedPath =~ 
/[^\/]*\/[^\/]*\/[^\/]*$/g;
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
index e83a7179ea..e0c9687a35 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/pg_ctl.c
@@ -2171,7 +2171,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
         */
        argv0 = argv[0];
 
-       /* Set dir/file mode mask */
+       /* Set restrictive mode mask until PGDATA permissions are checked */
        umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        /* support --help and --version even if invoked as root */
@@ -2407,6 +2407,16 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
                snprintf(version_file, MAXPGPATH, "%s/PG_VERSION", pg_data);
                snprintf(pid_file, MAXPGPATH, "%s/postmaster.pid", pg_data);
                snprintf(backup_file, MAXPGPATH, "%s/backup_label", pg_data);
+
+               /*
+                * Set mask based on PGDATA permissions,
+                *
+                * Don't error here if the data directory cannot be stat'd. 
This is
+                * handled differently based on the command and we don't want to
+                * interfere with that logic.
+                */
+               if (GetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(pg_data))
+                       umask(pg_mode_mask);
        }
 
        switch (ctl_command)
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
index 067a084c87..2f9dfa7b81 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_ctl/t/001_start_stop.pl
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@ use strict;
 use warnings;
 
 use Config;
+use Fcntl ':mode';
+use File::stat qw{lstat};
 use PostgresNode;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 21;
+use Test::More tests => 24;
 
 my $tempdir       = TestLib::tempdir;
 my $tempdir_short = TestLib::tempdir_short;
@@ -74,6 +76,27 @@ SKIP:
        ok(check_mode_recursive("$tempdir/data", 0700, 0600));
 }
 
+# Log file for group access test
+$logFileName = "$tempdir/data/perm-test-640.log";
+
+SKIP:
+{
+       skip "group access not supported on Windows", 3 if ($windows_os);
+
+       system_or_bail 'pg_ctl', 'stop', '-D', "$tempdir/data";
+
+       # Change the data dir mode so log file will be created with group read
+       # privileges on the next start
+       chmod_recursive("$tempdir/data", 0750, 0640);
+
+       command_ok(
+               [ 'pg_ctl', 'start', '-D', "$tempdir/data", '-l', $logFileName 
],
+               'start server to check group permissions');
+
+       ok(-f $logFileName);
+       ok(check_mode_recursive("$tempdir/data", 0750, 0640));
+}
+
 command_ok([ 'pg_ctl', 'restart', '-D', "$tempdir/data" ],
        'pg_ctl restart with server running');
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c 
b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
index bdf71886ee..8a0a805f1e 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_resetwal/pg_resetwal.c
@@ -363,6 +363,16 @@ main(int argc, char *argv[])
                exit(1);
        }
 
+       /* Set mask based on PGDATA permissions */
+       if (!GetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(DataDir))
+       {
+               fprintf(stderr, _("%s: unable to read permissions from 
\"%s\"\n"),
+                               progname, DataDir);
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       umask(pg_mode_mask);
+
        /* Check that data directory matches our server version */
        CheckDataVersion();
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm b/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
index 7b632c7dcd..63d9bd517d 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/RewindTest.pm
@@ -115,11 +115,13 @@ sub check_query
 
 sub setup_cluster
 {
-       my $extra_name = shift;
+       my $extra_name = shift;         # Used to differentiate clusters
+       my $extra = shift;                      # Extra params for initdb
 
        # Initialize master, data checksums are mandatory
        $node_master = get_new_node('master' . ($extra_name ? "_${extra_name}" 
: ''));
-       $node_master->init(allows_streaming => 1);
+       $node_master->init(
+               allows_streaming => 1, extra => $extra);
        # Set wal_keep_segments to prevent WAL segment recycling after enforced
        # checkpoints in the tests.
        $node_master->append_conf('postgresql.conf', qq(
@@ -237,7 +239,8 @@ sub run_pg_rewind
                "$tmp_folder/master-postgresql.conf.tmp",
                "$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf");
 
-       chmod(0600, "$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf")
+       chmod($node_master->group_access() ? 0640 : 0600,
+                 "$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf")
                or BAIL_OUT(
                        "unable to set permissions for 
$master_pgdata/postgresql.conf");
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
index 72ab2f8d5e..b9ea6a4c21 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/pg_rewind.c
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "access/xlog_internal.h"
 #include "catalog/catversion.h"
 #include "catalog/pg_control.h"
+#include "common/file_perm.h"
 #include "common/restricted_token.h"
 #include "getopt_long.h"
 #include "storage/bufpage.h"
@@ -185,6 +186,16 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
                exit(1);
        }
 
+       /* Set mask based on PGDATA permissions */
+       if (!GetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(datadir_target))
+       {
+               fprintf(stderr, _("%s: unable to read permissions from 
\"%s\"\n"),
+                               progname, datadir_target);
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       umask(pg_mode_mask);
+
        /*
         * Don't allow pg_rewind to be run as root, to avoid overwriting the
         * ownership of files in the data directory. We need only check for root
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/002_databases.pl 
b/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/002_databases.pl
index 37cdd712f3..c364965d3a 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/002_databases.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/t/002_databases.pl
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use strict;
 use warnings;
 use TestLib;
-use Test::More tests => 4;
+use Test::More tests => 6;
 
 use RewindTest;
 
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ sub run_test
 {
        my $test_mode = shift;
 
-       RewindTest::setup_cluster($test_mode);
+       RewindTest::setup_cluster($test_mode, ['-g']);
        RewindTest::start_master();
 
        # Create a database in master.
@@ -42,6 +42,15 @@ template1
 ),
                'database names');
 
+       # Permissions on PGDATA should have group permissions
+       SKIP:
+       {
+               skip "unix-style permissions not supported on Windows", 1 if 
($windows_os);
+
+               ok(check_mode_recursive($node_master->data_dir(), 0750, 0640),
+                       'check PGDATA permissions');
+       }
+
        RewindTest::clean_rewind_test();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
index 59df6fd88f..4abf4dc893 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/pg_upgrade.c
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
        set_pglocale_pgservice(argv[0], PG_TEXTDOMAIN("pg_upgrade"));
 
-       /* Ensure that all files created by pg_upgrade are non-world-readable */
+       /* Set default restrictive mask until new cluster permissions are read 
*/
        umask(PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT);
 
        parseCommandLine(argc, argv);
@@ -100,6 +100,16 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
 
        check_cluster_compatibility(live_check);
 
+       /* Set mask based on PGDATA permissions */
+       if (!GetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(new_cluster.pgdata))
+       {
+               pg_log(PG_FATAL, "unable to read permissions from \"%s\"\n",
+                          new_cluster.pgdata);
+               exit(1);
+       }
+
+       umask(pg_mode_mask);
+
        check_and_dump_old_cluster(live_check);
 
 
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
index 574639d47e..24631a91c6 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
+++ b/src/bin/pg_upgrade/test.sh
@@ -20,9 +20,9 @@ unset MAKELEVEL
 # Run a given "initdb" binary and overlay the regression testing
 # authentication configuration.
 standard_initdb() {
-       # To increase coverage of non-standard segment size without
-       # increase test runtime, run these tests with a lower setting.
-       "$1" -N --wal-segsize 1
+       # To increase coverage of non-standard segment size and group access
+       # without increasing test runtime, run these tests with a custom 
setting.
+       "$1" -N --wal-segsize 1 -g
        if [ -n "$TEMP_CONFIG" -a -r "$TEMP_CONFIG" ]
        then
                cat "$TEMP_CONFIG" >> "$PGDATA/postgresql.conf"
@@ -230,14 +230,14 @@ standard_initdb 'initdb'
 
 pg_upgrade $PG_UPGRADE_OPTS -d "${PGDATA}.old" -D "${PGDATA}" -b "$oldbindir" 
-B "$bindir" -p "$PGPORT" -P "$PGPORT"
 
-# make sure all directories and files have correct permissions
-if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type f ! -perm 600 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
-       echo "files in PGDATA with permission != 600";
+# make sure all directories and files have group permissions
+if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type f ! -perm 640 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
+       echo "files in PGDATA with permission != 640";
        exit 1;
 fi
 
-if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type d ! -perm 700 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
-       echo "directories in PGDATA with permission != 700";
+if [ $(find ${PGDATA} -type d ! -perm 750 | wc -l) -ne 0 ]; then
+       echo "directories in PGDATA with permission != 750";
        exit 1;
 fi
 
diff --git a/src/common/file_perm.c b/src/common/file_perm.c
index 5f0c02fb04..571d37116b 100644
--- a/src/common/file_perm.c
+++ b/src/common/file_perm.c
@@ -12,8 +12,76 @@
  */
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 
+#include "c.h"
 #include "common/file_perm.h"
 
 /* Modes for creating directories and files in the data directory */
 int pg_dir_create_mode = PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT;
 int pg_file_create_mode = PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT;
+
+/*
+ * Mode mask to pass to umask().  This is more of a preventative measure since
+ * all file/directory creates should be performed using the create modes above.
+ */
+int pg_mode_mask = PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT;
+
+/*
+ * Set create modes and mask to use when writing to PGDATA based on the data
+ * directory mode passed.  If group read/execute are present in the
+ * mode, then create modes and mask will be relaxed to allow group read/execute
+ * on all newly created files and directories.
+ */
+void
+SetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(int dataDirMode)
+{
+       /* If the data directory mode has group access */
+       if ((PG_DIR_MODE_GROUP & dataDirMode) == PG_DIR_MODE_GROUP)
+       {
+               pg_dir_create_mode = PG_DIR_MODE_GROUP;
+               pg_file_create_mode = PG_FILE_MODE_GROUP;
+               pg_mode_mask = PG_MODE_MASK_GROUP;
+       }
+       /* Else use default permissions */
+       else
+       {
+               pg_dir_create_mode = PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT;
+               pg_file_create_mode = PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT;
+               pg_mode_mask = PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT;
+       }
+}
+
+#ifdef FRONTEND
+
+/*
+ * Get the create modes and mask to use when writing to PGDATA by examining the
+ * mode of the PGDATA directory and calling SetDataDirectoryCreatePerm().
+ *
+ * Errors are not handled here and should be reported by the frontend
+ * application when false is returned.
+ *
+ * Suppress when on Windows, because there may not be proper support for Unix-y
+ * file permissions.
+ */
+bool
+GetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(const char *dataDir)
+{
+#if !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
+       struct stat statBuf;
+
+       /*
+        * If an error occurs getting the mode then false It is the 
reponsibility of
+        * the frontend application to generate an error if the PGDATA directory
+        * cannot be accessed.
+        */
+       if (stat(dataDir, &statBuf) == -1)
+               return false;
+
+       /* Set permissions */
+       SetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(statBuf.st_mode);
+
+       return true;
+#endif /* !defined(WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__) */
+}
+
+
+#endif /* FRONTEND */
diff --git a/src/include/common/file_perm.h b/src/include/common/file_perm.h
index 46b91f0c7b..22afb14b55 100644
--- a/src/include/common/file_perm.h
+++ b/src/include/common/file_perm.h
@@ -19,14 +19,34 @@
  */
 #define PG_MODE_MASK_DEFAULT           (S_IRWXG | S_IRWXO)
 
+/*
+ * Mode mask for data directory permissions that also allows group 
read/execute.
+ */
+#define PG_MODE_MASK_GROUP                     (S_IWGRP | S_IRWXO)
+
 /* Default mode for creating directories */
 #define PG_DIR_MODE_DEFAULT                    S_IRWXU
 
+/* Mode for creating directories that allows group read/execute */
+#define PG_DIR_MODE_GROUP                      (S_IRWXU | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP)
+
 /* Default mode for creating files */
 #define PG_FILE_MODE_DEFAULT           (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR)
 
+/* Mode for creating files that allows group read */
+#define PG_FILE_MODE_GROUP                     (S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IRGRP)
+
 /* Modes for creating directories and files in the data directory */
 extern int pg_dir_create_mode;
 extern int pg_file_create_mode;
 
+/* Mode mask to pass to umask() */
+extern int pg_mode_mask;
+
+/* Set permissions and mask based on the provided mode */
+extern void SetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(int dataDirMode);
+
+/* Set permissions and mask based on the mode of the data directory */
+extern bool GetDataDirectoryCreatePerm(const char *dataDir);
+
 #endif                                                 /* FILE_PERM_H */
diff --git a/src/include/miscadmin.h b/src/include/miscadmin.h
index a429a19964..492804d758 100644
--- a/src/include/miscadmin.h
+++ b/src/include/miscadmin.h
@@ -153,6 +153,7 @@ extern PGDLLIMPORT bool IsBinaryUpgrade;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT bool ExitOnAnyError;
 
 extern PGDLLIMPORT char *DataDir;
+extern PGDLLIMPORT int data_directory_mode;
 
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int NBuffers;
 extern PGDLLIMPORT int MaxBackends;
@@ -323,6 +324,7 @@ extern void SetSessionAuthorization(Oid userid, bool 
is_superuser);
 extern Oid     GetCurrentRoleId(void);
 extern void SetCurrentRoleId(Oid roleid, bool is_superuser);
 
+extern void checkDataDir(void);
 extern void SetDataDir(const char *dir);
 extern void ChangeToDataDir(void);
 
diff --git a/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm b/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
index 76e571b98c..1bd91524d7 100644
--- a/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
+++ b/src/test/perl/PostgresNode.pm
@@ -86,9 +86,11 @@ use Carp;
 use Config;
 use Cwd;
 use Exporter 'import';
+use Fcntl qw(:mode);
 use File::Basename;
 use File::Path qw(rmtree);
 use File::Spec;
+use File::stat qw(stat);
 use File::Temp ();
 use IPC::Run;
 use RecursiveCopy;
@@ -269,6 +271,26 @@ sub connstr
 
 =pod
 
+=item $node->group_access()
+
+Does the data dir allow group access?
+
+=cut
+
+sub group_access
+{
+       my ($self) = @_;
+
+       my $dir_stat = stat($self->data_dir);
+
+       defined($dir_stat)
+               or die('unable to stat ' . $self->data_dir);
+
+       return (S_IMODE($dir_stat->mode) == 0750);
+}
+
+=pod
+
 =item $node->data_dir()
 
 Returns the path to the data directory. postgresql.conf and pg_hba.conf are
@@ -460,6 +482,9 @@ sub init
        }
        close $conf;
 
+    chmod($self->group_access ? 0640 : 0600, "$pgdata/postgresql.conf")
+        or die("unable to set permissions for $pgdata/postgresql.conf");
+
        $self->set_replication_conf if $params{allows_streaming};
        $self->enable_archiving     if $params{has_archiving};
 }
@@ -485,7 +510,7 @@ sub append_conf
 
        TestLib::append_to_file($conffile, $str . "\n");
 
-    chmod(0600, $conffile)
+    chmod($self->group_access() ? 0640 : 0600, $conffile)
         or die("unable to set permissions for $conffile");
 }
 
diff --git a/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm b/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
index 93610e4bc4..8047404efd 100644
--- a/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
+++ b/src/test/perl/TestLib.pm
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ our @EXPORT = qw(
   slurp_file
   append_to_file
   check_mode_recursive
+  chmod_recursive
   check_pg_config
   system_or_bail
   system_log
@@ -313,6 +314,30 @@ sub check_mode_recursive
        return $result;
 }
 
+# Change mode recursively on a directory
+sub chmod_recursive
+{
+       my ($dir, $dir_mode, $file_mode) = @_;
+
+       find
+       (
+               {follow_fast => 1,
+               wanted =>
+                       sub
+                       {
+                               my $file_stat = stat($File::Find::name);
+
+                               if (defined($file_stat))
+                               {
+                                       chmod(S_ISDIR($file_stat->mode) ? 
$dir_mode : $file_mode,
+                                                 $File::Find::name)
+                                               or die "unable to chmod 
$File::Find::name";
+                               }
+                       }},
+               $dir
+       );
+}
+
 # Check presence of a given regexp within pg_config.h for the installation
 # where tests are running, returning a match status result depending on
 # that.
-- 
2.14.3 (Apple Git-98)

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