I just found one thing making check-world slower than it ought to be: src/test/recovery/t/008_fsm_truncation.pl does
$node_primary->append_conf( 'postgresql.conf', qq{ fsync = on wal_log_hints = on max_prepared_transactions = 5 autovacuum = off }); There is no reason for this script to be overriding Cluster.pm's fsync = off setting. This actually causes parallel check-world to fail altogether on florican's host, because the initial fsync of the recovered primary takes more than 3 minutes when there's conflicting I/O traffic, causing pg_ctl to time out. This appears to go back to 917dc7d23 of 2016, so I think it just predates our recognition that we should disable fsync in routine tests. regards, tom lane