The background on index-only scans:

https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/What%27s_new_in_PostgreSQL_9.2#Index-only_scans

In either case(index, index-only) the index has to be scanned. The difference is where the data is pulled from. In the index-only scan the query still needs to consult the visibility map to determine whether the tuple pointed to by the index entry is visible. I would say that in the limit 1 case the planner determines it is just as easy to check and pull the data from the actual tuple as to to check the visibility map. In the limit 100 case it becomes more cost effective to use the visibility map and pull data directly from the index data.


Thank you for your answer

Enrico


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