Matthew Woodcraft <matt...@woodcraft.me.uk> writes:
> In an INSERT, are the rows guaranteed to be inserted in the order that
> the source query returns its rows, for locking purposes?

I dunno that we "guarantee" that, but it's hard to see why the
code would behave any differently, at present.

> and I run two concurrent copies of
>   INSERT INTO foo (SELECT n FROM ... ORDER BY n);
> is there any guarantee that I'll get a unique constraint violation
> rather than a deadlock?

Well, the issue there is not about the physical insertion order
but the order in which the uniqueness checks happen.  I think
you'd be all right with a traditional-style PG index, but maybe
not with a deferrable unique constraint.

                        regards, tom lane


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