Fix crash with wal_debug in EXEC_BACKEND child processes

Converting xlog.c to the new shared memory allocation API left the
creation of the memory context used by wal_debug in the
XLOGShmemInit() callback, which now only runs in the postmaster or in
a standalone backend.  Previously, XLOGShmemInit() ran in every child.
As a result, walDebugCtx was left uninitialized in child processes in
EXEC_BACKEND mode, and with wal_debug turned on, the backend crashed
on first WAL insertion.

Fix by moving the walDebugCtx initialization to a separate function
that is called in each backend that wishes to create WAL records.  (It
cannot be created lazily on first WAL insertion, because it's done in
a critical section, and you cannot create a new memory context in a
critical section.)

Oversight in 9b5acad3f40f.

Co-authored-by:: Bharath Rupireddy <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Ashutosh Bapat <[email protected]>
Discussion: 
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/calj2acunl4xn3abzvm4dtpdr_l0-afl2agsghmrry_ztikh...@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 19

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/6873a138f782cf816e6019bbe922857050df96c9

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/transam/xlog.c       | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------
src/backend/access/transam/xloginsert.c |  5 +++++
src/include/access/xlog.h               |  3 +++
3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

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