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see also: http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewpr.html?pid=15882
>http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.cfm?release=2005-013
>
>
>NASA/French Satellite Data Reveal New Details of Tsunami
>January 11, 2005
>[EXCERPTS]
>
>For the first time, orbiting satellites have observed and measured a major
>tsunami event in open ocean, the Indian Ocean tsunami that resulted from
>the magnitude 9 earthquake southwest of Sumatra on December 26. The
>measurements are of tremendous value to researchers worldwide and will aid
>our understanding of these events.
>
>U.S. and French teams working in parallel with altimetry data from the
>joint NASA/French Space Agency Jason and Topex/Poseidon oceanography
>satellites have independently confirmed the satellites' measurements of
>the height of the tsunami waves as they radiated from the earthquake's
>epicenter. The satellites flew over the Bay of Bengal about 150 kilometers
>(93 miles) apart approximately two hours after the quake.
>
>"These two satellites make only about 13 Earth revolutions daily, with
>each orbit passing over the Earth approximately 3,000 kilometers (1,864
>miles) away from its last," said Dr. Philip Callahan of NASA's Jet
>Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. Callahan has been searching for
>tsunami signals in satellite radar altimeter data since Topex/Poseidon's
>launch in 1992. "There is a very low probability of capturing observations
>in any given location within two hours of an event like this. The fact
>that Jason captured the tsunami's signals is serendipitous, but is
>nevertheless a major boon for oceanographers," he said.
>
>The satellites recorded a maximum sea surface elevation gain (deviation
>from normal) of 50 centimeters (1.6 feet) on the open ocean about 1,200
>kilometers (746 miles) south of Sri Lanka at the leading crest of a
>tsunami wave raging out of the Bay of Bengal. It was followed by a trough
>of sea surface depression of 40 centimeters (1.3 feet) below normal. The
>distance from one wave crest to the next was about 800 kilometers (500
>miles). The first wave was followed by a second with a crest height of 40
>centimeters (1.3 feet) above normal. Near the northern end of the Bay, two
>waves with crest heights of 40 centimeters (1.3 feet) and 20 centimeters
>(0.66 feet) above normal were approaching the coasts of Myanmar. Spreading
>across the Bay of Bengal from the earthquake zone offshore from Western
>Sumatra, these tsunami waves eventually reached shallow waters along the
>coasts of Sumatra, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Southern India. Their open
>ocean speeds reduced from that of a jet plane, 800 kilometers (500 miles)
>per hour, to about 32 kilometers (20 miles) per hour, building the open
>ocean wave heights of 0.5 meters (1.6 feet) or less to walls of water up
>to 10 meters (33 feet) high with great destructive power.
-------
Geert Sassen
http://home.hccnet.nl/g.sassen
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