No, one car will suffice for those who drive less than a few hundred miles a 
day, as the battery can be recharged overnight with a Level 2 home charging 
station.  For long distance travels, plug-in hybrids will continue to be 
offered for many years to come. I explained home charging reasonably well here: 
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/11/business/electric-vehicle-home-chargers.html?action=click&module=RelatedLinks&pgtype=Article
Paul

> On Jul 12, 2019, at 2:13 PM, Alan C <[email protected]> wrote:
> 
> So owners will need two cars - one on charge & one on the road. Oh for a time 
> machine!
> 
> 
> Alan C
> 
> On 12-Jul-19 07:59 PM, Paul Stenquist wrote:
>> Batteries are extremely heavy and have to be built into the car’s 
>> architecture. Swapping them out would be very difficult. They will become 
>> more compact, but that will be a slow process, and thy’ll probably never 
>> weight less than a few hundred pounds. (That’s why, in the days of lesser 
>> batteries, Formula E elected to swap out complete cars rather than 
>> batteries.) There have been exponential improvements in charging rates, and 
>> I expect that to continue. Plus, as DC fast charging stations proliferate on 
>> major routs, topping off occasionally will make sense. Motorists won’t be 
>> charging from point zero but rather adding 100 or 200 miles range at a time. 
>> That being said, IC engine vehicles and plug-in hybrids will remain the 
>> choice for long trip driving for many years to come. Electrics, though, are 
>> great urban cars, as one can top off the battery daily at home, as my 
>> article explained and as the industry experts point out.
>> Paul
>> 
>>> On Jul 12, 2019, at 12:46 PM, Postmaster <[email protected]> wrote:
>>> 
>>> Paul Stenquist wrote:
>>> 
>>>> Thanks Rick. I enjoyed driving the Bolt for a week
>>>> While I was working on the charging piece. I think we’ll eventually see 
>>>> cars with 400 mile range and much faster charging.
>>> I think what the electric car industry needs to do is adopt the
>>> "propane" business model: You don't generally get your propane tank
>>> refilled, you exchange it for a filled one. Someday you should be able
>>> to pull into a service station in your electric car and have your
>>> almost-depleted battery exchanged for a fully charged one (batteries
>>> would have to log the number of charge/discharge cycles they've been
>>> through in order to vary the credit you get for the one you're
>>> exchanging). This would of course require standardization of car
>>> batteries and creation of a quick remove/replace architecture. A lot
>>> of standardization and infrastructure hurdles to clear, to be sure,
>>> but I don't see battery charging rates approaching the time it takes
>>> to fill a 10-gallon gasoline tank any time soon.
>>> 
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