# HG changeset patch
# User Marcus Barrow <mbar...@redhat.com>
# Date 1301513892 14400
# Node ID 24886d2588472b71a096cffe23a5495ff1a49e1c
# Parent eca8364c0ab4318f361f8eb9f649df090162b416
[mq]: CS_intro
diff -r eca8364c0ab4 -r 24886d258847
doc/Clusters_from_Scratch/en-US/Ch-Intro.xml
--- a/doc/Clusters_from_Scratch/en-US/Ch-Intro.xml Tue Mar 22 13:31:27
2011 +0100
+++ b/doc/Clusters_from_Scratch/en-US/Ch-Intro.xml Wed Mar 30 15:38:12
2011 -0400
@@ -2,26 +2,22 @@
<section id="s-intro-scope">
<title>The Scope of this Document </title>
<para>
- The purpose of this document is to definitively explain the concepts
used to configure Pacemaker.
- To achieve this best, it will focus exclusively on the XML syntax used
to configure the CIB.
+ Computer clusters can be used to provide highly available services or
resources. The redundancy of multiple machines is used to guard against
failures of many types.
</para>
<para>
- For those that are allergic to XML, Pacemaker comes with a cluster
shell and a Python based GUI exists, however these tools will not be covered at
all in this document
- <footnote>
- <para>It is hoped however, that having understood the concepts
explained here, that the functionality of these tools will also be more readily
understood.</para>
- </footnote>
- , precisely because they hide the XML.
+ This document will walk through the installation and setup of simple
clusters using the Fedora distribution, version 14. The clusters described here
will use Pacemaker and Corosync to provide resource management and messaging.
Required packages and modifications to their configuration files are described
along with the use of the Pacemaker command line tool for generating the XML
used for cluster control.
</para>
<para>
- Additionally, this document is NOT a step-by-step how-to guide for
configuring a specific clustering scenario.
- Although such guides exist, the purpose of this document is to provide
an understanding of the building blocks that can be used to construct any type
of Pacemaker cluster.
+ Pacemaker is a central component and provides the resource management
required in these systems. This management includes detecting and recovering
from the failure of various resources and services under it's control.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ When more in depth information is required and for real world usage,
please refer to the <ulink url="http://www.clusterlabs.org/doc/";>Pacemaker
Explained</ulink> manual.
</para>
</section>
<section id="s-intro-pacemaker">
<title>What Is Pacemaker?</title>
<para>
- Pacemaker is a cluster resource manager.
- It achieves maximum availability for your cluster services (aka.
resources) by detecting and recovering from node and resource-level failures by
making use of the messaging and membership capabilities provided by your
preferred cluster infrastructure (either <ulink
url="http://www.corosync.org/";>Corosync</ulink> or Heartbeat).
+ Pacemaker achieves maximum availability for your cluster services (aka.
resources) by detecting and recovering from node and resource-level failures by
making use of the messaging and membership capabilities provided by your
preferred cluster low level infrastructure (either <ulink
url="http://www.corosync.org/";>Corosync</ulink> or Heartbeat).
</para>
<para>Pacemaker's key features include:</para>
<itemizedlist>
@@ -34,7 +30,7 @@
<listitem><para>Supports practically any <ulink
url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-availability_cluster#Node_configurations";>redundancy
configuration</ulink></para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Automatically replicated configuration that can be
updated from any node</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Ability to specify cluster-wide service ordering,
colocation and anti-colocation</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>Support for advanced services type
+ <listitem><para>Support for advanced service types
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Clones: for services which need to be active on
multiple nodes</para></listitem>
<listitem><para>Multi-state: for services with multiple modes (eg.
master/slave, primary/secondary)</para></listitem>
@@ -43,70 +39,39 @@
<listitem><para>Unified, scriptable, cluster shell</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</section>
- <section id="s-intro-redundancy">
- <title>Types of Pacemaker Clusters</title>
- <para>Pacemaker makes no assumptions about your environment, this allows
it to support practically any <ulink
url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-availability_cluster#Node_configurations";>redundancy
configuration</ulink> including Active/Active, Active/Passive, N+1, N+M,
N-to-1 and N-to-N.</para>
-
- <para>
- <figure id="fig-redundancy-active-passsive">
- <title>Active/Passive Redundancy</title>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-active-passive.png" width="10cm"
depth="7.5cm" align="center"/>
- </imageobject>
- <caption>Two-node Active/Passive clusters using Pacemaker and DRBD
are a cost-effective solution for many High Availability situations.</caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </figure>
- </para>
- <para>
- <figure id="fig-redundancy-n-plus-one">
- <title>Shared Failover</title>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-shared-failover.png" width="10cm"
depth="7.5cm" align="center"/>
- </imageobject>
- <caption>By supporting many nodes, Pacemaker can dramatically
reduce hardware costs by allowing several active/passive clusters to be
combined and share a common backup node</caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </figure>
- </para>
- <para>
- <figure id="fig-redundancy-n-to-n">
- <title>N to N Redundancy</title>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-active-active.png" width="10cm"
depth="7.5cm" align="center"/>
- </imageobject>
- <caption>
- When shared storage is available, every node can potentially be
used for failover.
- Pacemaker can even run multiple copies of services to spread out
the workload.
- </caption>
- </mediaobject>
- </figure>
- </para>
- </section>
<section id="s-intro-architecture">
<title>Pacemaker Architecture</title>
<para>At the highest level, the cluster is made up of three
pieces:</para>
<itemizedlist>
+
<listitem><para>
- Core cluster infrastructure providing messaging and membership
functionality (illustrated in red)
+ Non-cluster aware components (illustrated in green).
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ These pieces include the resources themselves, scripts that start,
stop and monitor them, and also a local daemon that masks the differences
between the different standards these scripts implement.
</para></listitem>
+
<listitem><para>
- Non-cluster aware components (illustrated in blue).
- In a Pacemaker cluster, these pieces include not only the scripts
that knows how to start, stop and monitor resources, but also a local daemon
that masks the differences between the different standards these scripts
implement.
+ Resource management
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Pacemaker provides the brain (illustrated in red) that processes and
reacts to events regarding the cluster. These events would include state
changes in nodes and resources caused by failures, maintenance, scheduled
activities or other administrative actions. Pacemaker will compute the ideal
state of the cluster and plot a path to achieve it after any of these events.
This may include moving resources, stopping nodes and even forcing them offline
with remote power switches.
</para></listitem>
+
<listitem><para>
- A brain (illustrated in green) that processes and reacts to events
from the cluster (nodes leaving or joining) and resources (eg. monitor
failures) as well as configuration changes from the administrator.
- In response to all of these events, Pacemaker will compute the ideal
state of the cluster and plot a path to achieve it.
- This may include moving resources, stopping nodes and even forcing
them offline with remote power switches.
+ Low level infrastructure
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ Corosync provides reliable messaging and also membership and quorum
information about the cluster (illustrated in red).
</para></listitem>
+
</itemizedlist>
<para>
<figure id="fig-stack-concept">
<title>Conceptual Stack Overview</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-overview.png" width="10cm"
depth="7.5cm" align="center"/>
+ <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-overview.png" width="14cm"
depth="7.5cm" align="center"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>Conceptual overview of the cluster stack</caption>
</mediaobject>
@@ -126,7 +91,7 @@
<title>The Pacemaker Stack</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-stack.png" width="10cm"
depth="7.5cm" align="center"/>
+ <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-stack.png" width="14cm"
depth="7.5cm" align="center"/>
</imageobject>
<caption>The Pacemaker stack when running on Corosync</caption>
</mediaobject>
@@ -146,7 +111,7 @@
<title>Internal Components</title>
<mediaobject>
<imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-internals.png" width="10cm"
depth="7.5cm" align="center"/>
+ <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-internals.png" width="14cm"
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</imageobject>
<caption>Subsystems of a Pacemaker cluster running on
Corosync</caption>
</mediaobject>
@@ -172,4 +137,36 @@
</para>
</section>
</section>
+ <section id="s-intro-redundancy">
+ <title>Types of Pacemaker Clusters</title>
+ <para>Pacemaker makes no assumptions about your environment, this allows
it to support practically any <ulink
url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-availability_cluster#Node_configurations";>redundancy
configuration</ulink> including Active/Active, Active/Passive, N+1, N+M,
N-to-1 and N-to-N.</para>
+ <para>
+ In this quide we will focus on the setup of a highly available Apache
web server with an Active/Passive cluster using DRBD and Ext4 to store data.
Then we will upgrade this cluster to Active/Active using GFS2.
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <figure id="fig-redundancy-active-passsive">
+ <title>Active/Passive Redundancy</title>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-active-passive.png" width="14cm"
depth="7.5cm" align="center"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <caption>Two-node Active/Passive clusters using Pacemaker and DRBD
are a cost-effective solution for many High Availability situations.</caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </figure>
+ </para>
+ <para>
+ <figure id="fig-redundancy-n-to-n">
+ <title>N to N Redundancy</title>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="images/pcmk-active-active.png" width="14cm"
depth="7.5cm" align="center"/>
+ </imageobject>
+ <caption>
+ When shared storage is available, every node can potentially be
used for failover.
+ Pacemaker can even run multiple copies of services to spread out
the workload.
+ </caption>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </figure>
+ </para>
+ </section>
</chapter>
diff -r eca8364c0ab4 -r 24886d258847
doc/Clusters_from_Scratch/en-US/images/pcmk-active-passive.svg
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22 13:31:27 2011 +0100
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30 15:38:12 2011 -0400
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_______________________________________________
Pacemaker mailing list: Pacemaker@oss.clusterlabs.org
http://oss.clusterlabs.org/mailman/listinfo/pacemaker
Project Home: http://www.clusterlabs.org
Getting started: http://www.clusterlabs.org/doc/Cluster_from_Scratch.pdf
Bugs: http://developerbugs.linux-foundation.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=Pacemaker
