Quoting the GNU Emacs manual as an authority on cryptographic terms isn't particularly useful.
Okay. Here is a link to some of the documents that refer to SHA1 as a checksum. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&ie=UTF-8&oe=UTF-8&q=%22SHA1+checksum%22&btnG=Google+Search

For the same reason you don't call it a CRC -- because that's not what it is.
Ok I think you are limiting the definition of "Checksum" to the computer networking. A checksum in Networks is "actually" a sum.

On the other hand a checksum in cryptography is used quite liberally, and can be used interchangeably with one-way-hash/message digest/digital fingerprint etc.

Especially while describing the use of SHA1/MD5 for Intrusion Detection, I have seen the phrase "MD5 checksum of the hard drive" more often than "MD5 message digest of the HardDrive"

Nevertheless I value your suggestion, and will use the word "message digest" instead.

Thanks
Sarah

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