Atoms with atomic number 0 are written as *. Bonds with BO 4 are
written as $. So...the following hack may work for you in most cases.
:-)

>>> import pybel
>>> mol = pybel.readstring("smi", "CC(=O)Cl")
>>> mol.atoms[0].OBAtom.SetAtomicNum(0)
>>> print mol
*C(=O)Cl
>>> mol.atoms[2].OBAtom.SetAtomicNum(0)
>>> print mol
*C(=*)Cl
>>> bond = mol.OBMol.GetBond(2, 3)
>>> bond.GetBO()
2
>>> bond.SetBO(4)
>>> print mol
*C($*)Cl
>>> print mol.write("smi").replace("$", "~")
*C(~*)Cl

- Noel

On 26 September 2012 16:16, Pascal Muller <pascal.jm.mul...@gmail.com> wrote:
> Dear all,
>
> Having a molecule (let's say ethylpyridine CCc1cccnc1) and its scaffold
> (pyridine c1ccncc1), I would like to create a generic scaffold (smarts) for
> substructure searches: considered atoms become "any" atom (*), and bonds
> becomes "any" bond (~).
> I.e., the smarts should be  CC*~1~*~*~*~*~*~1 (parts not belonging to the
> scaffold don't change).
>
> Is there a way in Pybel to mutate atom / bond into "*~" apart from string
> replacement in the smiles? I anticipate problems with brackets doing so.
> Any other idea welcome :)
>
> Many thanks,
> Pascal
>
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