Since indirect calls are expensive, and now even more so, perhaps we should figure out a way to make the default TCP congestion control hooks into direct calls. 99% of the users just use the single CC module compiled into the kernel.
Use some macros (or other stuff) to change indirect call to direct calls. So that code like: static void tcp_cong_avoid(struct sock *sk, u32 ack, u32 acked) { const struct inet_connection_sock *icsk = inet_csk(sk); icsk->icsk_ca_ops->cong_avoid(sk, ack, acked); to: static void tcp_cong_avoid(struct sock *sk, u32 ack, u32 acked) { const struct tcp_congestion_ops *ops = inet_csk(sk)->icsk_ca_ops; if (ops == default_tcp_ops) default_tcp_cong_avoid(s, ack, acked); else icsk->icsk_ca_ops->cong_avoid(sk, ack, acked); The use macros and/or compiler symbols so the builtin (non-module) congestion control is always default_tcp_XXX.