Hi -

        At the end of a 40hour encoding run I used mplex to put together the
        .ac3 and new .m2v file (the .m2v file was downscaled from a HD capture).

        Now I'm used to B frames being perhaps close to the size of the P
        frames (with noisy material) but I do not recall ever seeing a 
        situation where the B frame was over 2x the size of the P frame:

   INFO: [mplex] mplex version 1.6.3 (2.2.3 $Date: 2004/01/13 20:45:26 $)
   INFO: [mplex] File xxx.m2v looks like an MPEG Video stream.
   INFO: [mplex] File 040304015952.ac3 looks like an AC3 Audio stream.
   INFO: [mplex] Video stream 0: profile 8 selected - ignoring non-standard options!
   INFO: [mplex] Found 1 audio streams and 1 video streams
   INFO: [mplex] Selecting dvdauthor DVD output profile
   INFO: [mplex] Multiplexing video program stream!
   INFO: [mplex] Scanning for header info: Video stream e0 (xxx.m2v) 
   INFO: [mplex] VIDEO STREAM: e0
   INFO: [mplex] Frame width     : 720
   INFO: [mplex] Frame height    : 480
   INFO: [mplex] Aspect ratio    : 16:9 display
   INFO: [mplex] Picture rate    : 29.970 frames/sec
   INFO: [mplex] Bit rate        : 7500000 bits/sec
   INFO: [mplex] Vbv buffer size : 229376 bytes
   INFO: [mplex] CSPF            : 0
   INFO: [mplex] Scanning for header info: AC3 Audio stream 00 (040304015952.ac3)
   INFO: [mplex] AC3 frame size = 1536

   INFO: [mplex] AC3 AUDIO STREAM:
   INFO: [mplex] Bit rate       :    49152 bytes/sec (384 kbit/sec)
   INFO: [mplex] Frequency      :     48000 Hz
   INFO: [mplex] SYSTEMS/PROGRAM stream:
   INFO: [mplex] rough-guess multiplexed stream data rate    : 8056248
   INFO: [mplex] target data-rate specified               : 10080000
   INFO: [mplex] Setting specified specified data rate: 10080000
   INFO: [mplex] Run-in Sectors = 89 Video delay = 13019 Audio delay = 16022
   INFO: [mplex] New sequence commences...
   INFO: [mplex] Video e0: buf=      0 frame=000000 sector=00000000
   INFO: [mplex] Audio bd: buf=      0 frame=000000 sector=00000000
   INFO: [mplex] Scanned to end AU 678531
   INFO: [mplex] STREAM e0 completed @ frame 678531.
   INFO: [mplex] STREAM bd completed @ frame 707510.
   INFO: [mplex] Multiplex completion at SCR=2037619126.
   INFO: [mplex] Video e0: buf=  86669 frame=678531 sector=06884930
   INFO: [mplex] Audio bd: buf=  13824 frame=707510 sector=00539057
   INFO: [mplex] VIDEO_STATISTICS: e0
   INFO: [mplex] Video Stream length: 13895055962 bytes
   INFO: [mplex] Sequence headers:    45813
   INFO: [mplex] Sequence ends   :        1
   INFO: [mplex] No. Pictures    :   678532
   INFO: [mplex] No. Groups      :    45813
   INFO: [mplex] No. I Frames    :    45813 avg. size 58403 bytes
   INFO: [mplex] No. P Frames    :   181039 avg. size  2175 bytes
   INFO: [mplex] No. B Frames    :   451680 avg. size  4949 bytes
   INFO: [mplex] Average bit-rate :  4910000 bits/sec
   INFO: [mplex] Peak bit-rate    :  8924800  bits/sec
   INFO: [mplex] BUFFERING min 15 Buf max 218363
   INFO: [mplex] AUDIO_STATISTICS: bd
   INFO: [mplex] Audio stream length 1086736896 bytes.
   INFO: [mplex] Frames         :   707511
   INFO: [mplex] BUFFERING min 67 Buf max 8995
   INFO: [mplex] MUX STATUS: no under-runs detected.

        The video looks good - but the B frames being 4949 bytes while the
        P frames are 2175 bytes is a complete puzzler.

        With pristine source material the B frames one would think would 
        be almost nothing in size.   And indeed that is what the original
        HD (1920x1080i) content looks like  - mplex says this about the
        demuxed (but otherwise original) .m2v and .ac3 files:

   INFO: [mplex] mplex version 1.6.3 (2.2.3 $Date: 2004/01/13 20:45:26 $)
   INFO: [mplex] File 040304015952.m2v looks like an MPEG Video stream.
   INFO: [mplex] File 040304015952.ac3 looks like an AC3 Audio stream.
   INFO: [mplex] Found 1 audio streams and 1 video streams
   INFO: [mplex] Selecting generic MPEG2 output profile
   INFO: [mplex] Multiplexing video program stream!
   INFO: [mplex] Scanning for header info: Video stream e0 (040304015952.m2v) 
   INFO: [mplex] VIDEO STREAM: e0
   INFO: [mplex] Frame width     : 1920
   INFO: [mplex] Frame height    : 1080
   INFO: [mplex] Aspect ratio    : 16:9 display
   INFO: [mplex] Picture rate    : 29.970 frames/sec
   INFO: [mplex] Bit rate        : 22545600 bits/sec
   INFO: [mplex] Vbv buffer size : 999424 bytes
   INFO: [mplex] CSPF            : 0
   INFO: [mplex] Scanning for header info: AC3 Audio stream 00 (040304015952.ac3)
   INFO: [mplex] AC3 frame size = 1536

   INFO: [mplex] AC3 AUDIO STREAM:
   INFO: [mplex] Bit rate       :    49152 bytes/sec (384 kbit/sec)
   INFO: [mplex] Frequency      :     48000 Hz
   INFO: [mplex] SYSTEMS/PROGRAM stream:
   INFO: [mplex] rough-guess multiplexed stream data rate    : 23410296
   INFO: [mplex] target data-rate specified               : 20000000
++ WARN: [mplex] Target data rate lower than computed requirement!
++ WARN: [mplex] N.b. a 20% or so discrepancy in variable bit-rate
++ WARN: [mplex] streams is common and harmless provided no time-outs will occur
   INFO: [mplex] Run-in Sectors = 189 Video delay = 13934 Audio delay = 16937
   INFO: [mplex] New sequence commences...
   INFO: [mplex] Video e0: buf=      0 frame=000000 sector=00000000
   INFO: [mplex] Audio bd: buf=      0 frame=000000 sector=00000000
   INFO: [mplex] Scanned to end AU 678532
   INFO: [mplex] STREAM e0 completed @ frame 678532.
   INFO: [mplex] STREAM bd completed @ frame 707510.
   INFO: [mplex] Multiplex completion at SCR=2037619924.
   INFO: [mplex] Video e0: buf= 294743 frame=678532 sector=18239062
   INFO: [mplex] Audio bd: buf=  13824 frame=707510 sector=00539860
   INFO: [mplex] VIDEO_STATISTICS: e0
   INFO: [mplex] Video Stream length: 36882930622 bytes
   INFO: [mplex] Sequence headers:    45238
   INFO: [mplex] Sequence ends   :        1
   INFO: [mplex] No. Pictures    :   678533
   INFO: [mplex] No. Groups      :    45238
   INFO: [mplex] No. I Frames    :    45238 avg. size 51733 bytes
   INFO: [mplex] No. P Frames    :   180952 avg. size 23494 bytes
   INFO: [mplex] No. B Frames    :   452342 avg. size   500 bytes
   INFO: [mplex] Average bit-rate : 13032400 bits/sec
   INFO: [mplex] Peak bit-rate    : 22546000  bits/sec
   INFO: [mplex] BUFFERING min 15 Buf max 486325
   INFO: [mplex] AUDIO_STATISTICS: bd
   INFO: [mplex] Audio stream length 1086736896 bytes.
   INFO: [mplex] Frames         :   707511
   INFO: [mplex] BUFFERING min 22 Buf max 12226
   INFO: [mplex] MUX STATUS: no under-runs detected.

        ~13Mb/s average and the B frames are just 500 bytes!!

        Something awry with mpeg2enc's B frame generation or what?

        Steven Schultz


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