I've tried to pare this down. Never used ldapd before but hoping it can replace slapd for my needs. I'm not sure if this is a bug, or if I'm missing something in the process of setting up a new directory.
Starting with a new patched/stable system: $ uname -mrsv OpenBSD 6.1 GENERIC.MP#6 amd64 $ doas cat /etc/ldapd.conf listen on "/var/run/ldapd.sock" rootdn "cn=admin,dc=example,dc=org" rootpw "test1234" schema "/etc/ldap/core.schema" namespace "dc=example,dc=org" { index objectClass } $ cat init.ldif dn: dc=example,dc=org objectClass: dcObject objectClass: organization o: Example Org dc: example First startup, no existing db files.... $ doas ldapd -d May 24 13:54:54.474 [25253] startup May 24 13:54:54.718 [68140] listening on /var/run/ldapd.sock May 24 13:54:54.725 [68140] opening namespace dc=example,dc=org At this point in another terminal I run: $ cat init.ldif | ldapadd -H ldapi://%2Fvar%2Frun%2Fldapd.sock -D "cn=admin,dc=example,dc=org" -W Enter LDAP Password: adding new entry "dc=example,dc=org" ldap_result: Can't contact LDAP server (-1) And back on the first terminal I see: assertion "p->upper >= p->lower" failed: file "/usr/src/usr.sbin/ldapd/btree.c", line 1949, function "btree_add_node" May 24 13:55:17.142 [25253] ldapd: removing unix socket /var/run/ldapd.sock As above, with -v arg to ldapd, the messages are: May 24 14:08:09.938 [42637] accepted local connection by uid 1001 May 24 14:08:09.947 [42637] consumed 48 bytes May 24 14:08:09.948 [42637] got request type 0, id 1 May 24 14:08:09.948 [42637] bind dn = cn=admin,dc=example,dc=org May 24 14:08:09.948 [42637] successfully authenticated as cn=admin,dc=example,dc=org May 24 14:08:09.948 [42637] sending response 1 with result 0 May 24 14:08:09.957 [42637] consumed 106 bytes May 24 14:08:09.957 [42637] got request type 8, id 2 May 24 14:08:09.957 [42637] adding entry dc=example,dc=org assertion "p->upper >= p->lower" failed: file "/usr/src/usr.sbin/ldapd/btree.c", line 1949, function "btree_add_node" May 24 14:08:09.997 [28992] ldapd: removing unix socket /var/run/ldapd.sock May 24 14:08:10.008 [28992] ldapd: exiting