To answer FL's latest message: the first and foremost thing that Norm has 
done and still does for us is having created the Metamath language, 
continuously improving the Metamath C program (the "official 
implementation" of the Metamath language), and having begun and still being 
the main contributor (in number of theorems contributed) of the database 
set.mm.  And he's doing all of this voluntarily, benevolently, with open 
and free licensing.

Then, and only then, FL might have a point in that sometimes, it feels like 
Norm chooses the one reason that will make a definition rejected from the 
main part.  By now, we know the usual reasons: not pedagogical for 
engineers/undergrads, not enough applications in set.mm, does not simplify 
other proofs enough, can be coded "not-too-difficulty" in terms of previous 
definitions, etc.  Since there will most often be at least one criterion 
not fulfilled by a given definition, it is easy to pick one of these 
reasons to reject almost any definition.  This is why I asked for the goals 
of set.mm, to have some clarity.

As for Norm's question: "Question:  why do you think that Lang's Algebra 
(2002 edition) doesn't define or mention "semigroup" in its 900 pages?":

[I'm using your edition for the page numbers.]  On page 3, he defines 
(terms in boldface):
- law of composition
- associative
- unit element
and finally he defines, verbatim, "A monoid is a set G, with a law of 
composition which is associative, and having a unit element".
So, even if the words "magma" and "semigroup" are not there, this looks 
furiously like a piecemeal definition, using the three steps successively, 
and they effectively correspond to respectively "magma", "semigroup", 
"monoid".  He doesn't introduce these terms because he does not study them 
(they are of course less important than groups, rings, etc.).

Also, note that the symbols \forall and \exists appear almost never (or 
maybe even never) in the 900 pages.  Therefore, his readers are not faced 
with intimidating long strings of formal symbols, and he doesn't need to 
introduce "magma" and "semigroup" as aids.

By the way: I just noticed that he uses the symbol \subset in a reflexive 
sense (page ix).  Therefore, I'm happy that I insisted a few months ago, 
against the opinions of several people here 
(https://groups.google.com/d/topic/metamath/_OqalbIKkgE/discussion), to 
remove this symbol from set.mm because of its ambiguity, and to replace it 
with \subsetneq (because that's what it meant in set.mm!) -- the symbol for 
the reflexive relation remaining \subseteq.

BenoƮt

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