Dear MARMAM,

We are pleased to share our new open access publication in Marine Pollution 
Bulletin:
C.B. Harris, S. Benjamins, B. Scott, B.J. Williamson (2025). Ecological impacts 
of floating offshore wind on marine mammals and associated trophic 
interactions: current evidence and knowledge gaps. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 
http://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118059

Abstract:
Floating offshore wind is expected to expand globally into further offshore, 
deeper and highly productive shelf seas to utilise increased and more 
consistent wind energy. Marine mammals represent mobile species that connect 
across regions and can indicate wider ecosystem changes. To date, only a 
handful of ecological impact studies have been conducted at floating offshore 
wind farms, due to the infancy of the technology and small numbers of 
operational sites. Understanding how floating offshore wind could alter 
ecosystem functions and impact species at individual and population levels will 
be essential to mitigate potential negative ecological impacts as the sector 
expands. Currently, numerous floating offshore wind sites are planned or 
already in development. Therefore, evaluating current knowledge and remaining 
knowledge gaps will benefit future projects in assessing ecological impacts and 
determining where additional research should be conducted. This review 
summarises the positive and negative ecological impacts that have been 
previously highlighted as potential impacts from floating offshore wind, 
focusing on marine mammals, whilst also considering prey and broader trophic 
interactions. Current studies at operational floating offshore wind sites are 
summarised and discussed in context of observed and/or anticipated impacts. 
Finally, key outstanding research areas are suggested in relation to each 
impact.

Many thanks,
Caitlin Harris


Caitlin Bolan Harris
PhD Researcher

01847 889000

eri.ac.uk<https://eri.ac.uk/>  |  nwh.uhi.ac.uk<http://nwh.uhi.ac.uk>

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Stiùiridh UHI a Tuath, an Iar agus Innse Gall a tha na charthannas clàraichte, 
àireamh SC021215.




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UHI North, West and Hebrides which is a registered charity, number SC021215. 
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