I found the problem. Thanks for your help:

As mailman3 via docker, consists of 2 independent containers (mailman-core
& web) the templates, the runner used a wrong url when looking for
templates.
after adjusting my templates via SQL, all is fine now:

# sqlite3 /opt/mailman/core/var/data/mailman.db "SELECT * FROM template;"
1|list:user:notice:probe|cubewerk.de|
http://localhost:8000/postorius/api/templates/domain/cubewerk.de/list:user:notice:probe||
3|list:member:regular:footer|cubewerk.de|
http://localhost:8000/postorius/api/templates/domain/cubewerk.de/list:member:regular:footer||
4|list:member:regular:footer|lists.cubewerk.de|
http://localhost:8000/postorius/api/templates/domain/lists.cubewerk.de/list:member:regular:footer||


sqlite3 /opt/mailman/core/var/data/mailman.db "UPDATE template SET uri =
REPLACE(uri, 'localhost:8000', '172.18.0.3:8000');"

# sqlite3 /opt/mailman/core/var/data/mailman.db "SELECT * FROM template;"
1|list:user:notice:probe|cubewerk.de|
http://172.18.0.3:8000/postorius/api/templates/domain/cubewerk.de/list:user:notice:probe||
3|list:member:regular:footer|cubewerk.de|
http://172.18.0.3:8000/postorius/api/templates/domain/cubewerk.de/list:member:regular:footer||
4|list:member:regular:footer|lists.cubewerk.de|
http://172.18.0.3:8000/postorius/api/templates/domain/lists.cubewerk.de/list:member:regular:footer||



Am Do., 4. Juni 2026 um 16:48 Uhr schrieb Thomas Hochstein <[email protected]>:

> Stefan Bauer via Mailman-users wrote:
>
> > Mailman logs Cannot connect to SMTP server, however the server is
> > listening, but i see no connection attempts.
> [...]
> > If i restart the docker-core container, i see a single time the error
> > "Cannot connect to SMTP server 172.17.0.1 on port 587".
>
> Is it possibly to connect e.g. via telnet (from the host/IP mailman is
> running on, as the user mailman is running as) to the SMTP server?
> That looks more like a connection problem from A to B than a mailman
> problem.
>
> -thh
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