Daniel Lohmann wrote:
> 1) I would like to use character styles in my documents. In our papers, we
> frequently have to refer to identifiers from C++ listings that should be
> set in "typewriter" and either "small" or "smaller" and I would like to
> define a character style for that.

Currently, charstyles are only available on a general (document-class or 
several-document-classes) level.
You have to define your character styles either in the *.layout file or in a 
mycharstyles.inc file, which is then to be included in the layout file(s) 
with

Input mycharstyles.inc

All those files have to be placed in your ./lyx-directory.

The char styles are then available through the menu (Input->Character Styles)

The syntax is pretty straightforward, in your case it's something like:

CharStyle Identifier
        LatexType             Command
        LatexName             identif
        LabelFont
          Family              Typewriter
          Color               blue
        EndFont
        Preamble
                \newcommand\identif[1]{\small\texttt{#1}}
        EndPreamble
End

Note that the "Family" and "Color" options only refer to the appearance on 
screen.

HTH,
Jürgen
# Textclass definition file for docbook.
# Author : José Abílio Oliveira Matos <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
# Character Styles definition

Format 2
CharStyle Versal
        LatexType             Command
        LatexName             versal
        LabelFont
          Family              Roman
          Color               blue
        EndFont
        Preamble
                [EMAIL PROTECTED]
                        \usepackage{soul}
                }{}
                [EMAIL PROTECTED]
                        \DeclareRobustCommand*\versal[1]{%
                        \MakeUppercase{\scalefont{.92}\null{\caps{#1}}}%
                        }
                }{}
        EndPreamble
End

CharStyle Enquote*
        LatexType             Command
        LatexName             enquote*
        Font
          Family              Typewriter
        EndFont
        LabelFont
          Family              Roman
          Color               green
        EndFont
End

CharStyle Enquote
        LatexType             Command
        LatexName             enquote
        LabelFont
          Family              Roman
          Color               green
        EndFont
End

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