At your promting, I have shortened the file and am attaching it here for other developers to see as a test case.
If you open the file in lyx (I use 1.1.4) and then "View PostScript", when you compare the two views, you will find that certain text is repeated. If you then change all the Paragraphs to Standard, the duplication is gone and the desired result is produced. [Please excuse the roughness of the content, it is a rough draft :)]
See my previous posting (Sunday 13 Feb 2000 21:54:54 -0500) (Is there a way to insert a url for that posting?)
I would be interested to know how I can prevent this occurance in the
future.
-- Mitakuye Oyasin
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\layout Title \noun on protecting bear butte via national historical site status \layout Paragraph Native Americans have had their lands confiscated and their sacred sites desecrated from the time Columbus invaded the land of the Arawakan people on the island of Hispaniola \begin_float footnote \layout Standard The Arawak are also known as the Taino which is a misnomer, as Taino refers to a particular social and cultural group. See: \emph on Ameican Holocaust \emph default , D.E. Stannard \end_float . On the main-land of what is now the United States of America, there were over 500 nations \begin_float footnote \layout Standard From: \emph on 500 Nations \emph default by Alvin Josephy; Also by using the word 'nation', I am refering to the peoples that have been included in treaties with the United States, for if a tribe is included in a treaty, it would be a nation because it is with foriegn nations/governments that another nation makes treaties; See also: Blacks Law 7th Ed. \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Treaty: A formally signed and ratified agreement between two nations or soverigns \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset & \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Peace Treaty - a treaty signed by heads of state to end a war \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset ; (I am not sure of the actual number of individual tribes that are mentioned in US treaties. I need to check on this number.) \end_float , of which the U.S. Government currently recognizes only 329 nations \begin_float footnote \layout Standard As of October 23, 1997 from: 4310-02, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Bureau of Indian Affairs \emph on INDIAN ENTITIES RECOGNIZED AND ELIGIBLE TO RECEIVE SERVICES FROM THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS AGENCY \emph default : Bureau of Indian Affairs. ACTION: Notice. <http://www.doi.gov/bia/tribes/telist98.html> \end_float . The rest have been exterminated by disease or starvation, genocide \begin_float footnote \layout Standard See: \emph on A Little Matter of Genocide \emph default - Ward Churchill; \emph on American Holocaust, Columbus and the Conquest of the New World \emph default - David Stannard; Genoicide Convention of the United Nations (1948) Article II. \end_float , or through the written or effectual policies of the U.S. Government. Central to all of those Nations was, and is, the land. The land is sacred to these people who live by staying in harmony with it through the ceremonies handed down to them by their ansestors. \layout Paragraph The U.S. Government made plastic treaties \begin_float footnote \layout Standard By 'plastic', I refer to the non-binding nature of all treaties made between \emph on any \emph default Nation (Indian or otherwise) and the United States of America as evidenced by the fact that Congress can abrogate a treaty at will (an act of Congress). \end_float with the nations while it systematically conquered those same nations. These treaties set aside great tracts of land for the use and enjoyment of the native people in perpetuity. The land described in most of the treaties included certain areas that have spiritual significance to the People. One of those treaties was the Treaty of Fort Laramie on April 29, 1868. Included in that land description were many sacred sites, including the Black Hills, Mato Tipi (the place that the Christian conquerors named Devils Tower), and Mato Paha (herein called Bear Butte) \begin_float footnote \layout Standard Section 2 of the Fort Laramie Treaty describes the land description \end_float . While all three sites are of interest in this paper, it is Bear Butte and its protection this paper is concerned with. The land where a nation traditionally lived, performed ceremony, and prayed was sacred to those people. In the case of Bear Butte, there were many nations who shared the same land for the purpose of prayer and ceremony. The Lakota (Sioux) and the Tsistsistas (Northern Cheyenne) People are two of the many nations who have held this site sacred for millennia \begin_float footnote \layout Standard Part of the difficulty of verifying hisorical proof of traditional sacred and ceremonial sites of various Indian Peoples is that in most Indian tradition s: \layout Quote \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset the ceremonies, beliefs, and great religious events of the tribes were distinct from history; they did not depend on history for their verification. If they worked for the community in the present, that was sufficient evidence of their validity. \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset From: \emph on God is Red \emph default , V. DeLoria, Jr. \layout Standard Thus, to make such sweeping statements as 'millenia' I must rely on artifactual evidence found at the site. See FN2 \end_float . It is a site of great spiritual and cultural import that can be likened to the cultural significance of Jerusalem to Christians, or the Spiritual significance of Mecca to Muslims. It also deserves the same respect and protection as those sites. The problem is that under the Constitution of the United States of America, religious and cultural sites are treated as tourist attraction and anthropologi cal learning tools \begin_float footnote \layout Standard Neither the Constitution of the United States nor any branch of the government could grant special status to a Native American sacred site because it is \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset Holy Ground \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset . \layout Standard The findings of the Supreme Court have said that the economic interests of the nation cannot be overridden by the religious needs of its people. (Lyng) In other words, not even the Sacred sites of the unofficial national religion of the United States (Christianity) could be protected for the sake of their religious importance under the current state of the Constitution. (Though, there would probably have been a different constitution written had those sacred places been within the boundaries of the states at the time of its writing. \end_float . \layout Paragraph To the Indians who hold the mountain sacred, Bear Butte is their church and also a place where their ancestors reside. Many individuals of various Indian nations go there to worship, to ask the spirits to have pity on the people. The Cheyenne make annual pilgramages to the mountain in order to perform traditional ceremony and they also believe that Sweet Medicine, The Prophet of the Cheyenne, lives there. \layout Paragraph Bear Butte is the Spiritual home of the Northern Cheyenne people, it is a holy mountain located at the edge of the black Hills in South Dakota. The Cheyenne believe that the top of the mountain is where the power is the strongest. There have been countless religious ceremonies conducted on the mountain, the most powerful ceremonies being held at the summit. Bear Butte is called \emph on Noavos \emph default in Cheyenne and is the place where the prophet \emph on Sweet \emph default \emph on Medicine \emph default received the Sacred Arrow covenant. It is a place that many spiritual leaders and followers return to annually to pray for relatives and the tribes welfare. It is believed that on the north side of the mountain there is a spiritual \begin_inset Quotes eld \end_inset door \begin_inset Quotes erd \end_inset that leads to the spirit lodge within. \layout Paragraph - \the_end
