But I know some further tests: Add a bogus translation to zh_CN.po, using ascii characters. If you don't see that bogus translation, then something else in LyX is broken. If you see it - then it really is just a font issue.
I can see all English (non-translated) words.
Another test: Try pasting chinese characters (from the web or something) into the LyX main window. That works for me, although latex can't handle it as-is. If this works, the font works to some extent.
The main window can display Chinese character.
LyX doesn't seem to have a setting for this - I guess the font is selected by qt. Run "qtconfig" or "qtconfig-qt4" (whichever you actually have), then select a font containing chinese characters. Make sure by pasting chinese into the "sample text" field in qtconfig.
This is it! I run qtconfig-qt4, and choose a Chinese font. Or I can choose an English font, and add Chinese font as substibution (work for Bitstream Vera Sans, Courier, but not for Sans Serif, strange).
Is other qt4 apps able to show chinese menus on your system?
I am not sure which one uses qt4... but all other applications display Chinese well. I will add the comment to the bug report. However, can lyx do anything about it? Bo