you cannot export \lstinline{foo}, ist must be something of \lstinline<char>foo<char> where <char> is a free choosen delimiter. Otherwise you cannot write something like \lstinline{\textbf{foo}}. Must be \lstinline|\textbf{foo}| or any other character than |.
The listings manual says: An experimental implementation has been done to support the syntax \lstinline[key=value list]{source code}. Try it if you want and report success and failure. A known limitation is that inside another argument the last source code token must not be an explicit space token—and, of course, using a listing inside another argument is itself experimental, see section 5.1. I use {} because I do not want to scan through the code snipet to see if it has |, or $ or whatever. Helge, please report here if Herbert's suggestion works. If so, I will change latex export of \lstinline. Cheers, Bo