Andrew Schumann
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11787-021-00282-5

In this paper, I show that the idea of logical determinism can be traced
back from the Old Babylonian period at least. According to this idea, there
are some signs (omens) which can explain the appearance of all events.
These omens demonstrate the will of gods and their power realized through
natural forces. As a result, each event either necessarily appears or
necessarily disappears. This idea can be examined as the first version of
eternalism – the philosophical belief that each temporal event (including
past and future events) is actual. In divination lists in Akkadian
presented as codes we can reconstruct Boolean matrices showing that the
Babylonians used some logical-algebraic structures in their reasoning. The
idea of logical contingency was introduced within a new mood of thinking
presented by the Greek prose – historical as well as philosophical
narrations. In the Jewish genre ’aggādōt, the logical determinism is
supposed to be in opposition to the Greek prose.

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