On Sat, Sep 11, 2021 at 12:39 PM Christopher M. Riedl
<c...@bluescreens.de> wrote:
>
> When code patching a STRICT_KERNEL_RWX kernel the page containing the
> address to be patched is temporarily mapped as writeable. Currently, a
> per-cpu vmalloc patch area is used for this purpose. While the patch
> area is per-cpu, the temporary page mapping is inserted into the kernel
> page tables for the duration of patching. The mapping is exposed to CPUs
> other than the patching CPU - this is undesirable from a hardening
> perspective. Use a temporary mm instead which keeps the mapping local to
> the CPU doing the patching.
>
> Use the `poking_init` init hook to prepare a temporary mm and patching
> address. Initialize the temporary mm by copying the init mm. Choose a
> randomized patching address inside the temporary mm userspace address
> space. The patching address is randomized between PAGE_SIZE and
> DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW-PAGE_SIZE.
>
> Bits of entropy with 64K page size on BOOK3S_64:
>
> bits of entropy = log2(DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW_USER64 / PAGE_SIZE)
>
> PAGE_SIZE=64K, DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW_USER64=128TB
> bits of entropy = log2(128TB / 64K)
> bits of entropy = 31
>
> The upper limit is DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW due to how the Book3s64 Hash MMU
> operates - by default the space above DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW is not
> available. Currently the Hash MMU does not use a temporary mm so
> technically this upper limit isn't necessary; however, a larger
> randomization range does not further "harden" this overall approach and
> future work may introduce patching with a temporary mm on Hash as well.
>
> Randomization occurs only once during initialization at boot for each
> possible CPU in the system.
>
> Introduce two new functions, map_patch_mm() and unmap_patch_mm(), to
> respectively create and remove the temporary mapping with write
> permissions at patching_addr. Map the page with PAGE_KERNEL to set
> EAA[0] for the PTE which ignores the AMR (so no need to unlock/lock
> KUAP) according to PowerISA v3.0b Figure 35 on Radix.
>
> Based on x86 implementation:
>
> commit 4fc19708b165
> ("x86/alternatives: Initialize temporary mm for patching")
>
> and:
>
> commit b3fd8e83ada0
> ("x86/alternatives: Use temporary mm for text poking")
>
> Signed-off-by: Christopher M. Riedl <c...@bluescreens.de>
>
> ---
>
> v6: * Small clean-ups (naming, formatting, style, etc).
> * Call stop_using_temporary_mm() before pte_unmap_unlock() after
> patching.
> * Replace BUG_ON()s in poking_init() w/ WARN_ON()s.
>
> v5: * Only support Book3s64 Radix MMU for now.
> * Use a per-cpu datastructure to hold the patching_addr and
> patching_mm to avoid the need for a synchronization lock/mutex.
>
> v4: * In the previous series this was two separate patches: one to init
> the temporary mm in poking_init() (unused in powerpc at the time)
> and the other to use it for patching (which removed all the
> per-cpu vmalloc code). Now that we use poking_init() in the
> existing per-cpu vmalloc approach, that separation doesn't work
> as nicely anymore so I just merged the two patches into one.
> * Preload the SLB entry and hash the page for the patching_addr
> when using Hash on book3s64 to avoid taking an SLB and Hash fault
> during patching. The previous implementation was a hack which
> changed current->mm to allow the SLB and Hash fault handlers to
> work with the temporary mm since both of those code-paths always
> assume mm == current->mm.
> * Also (hmm - seeing a trend here) with the book3s64 Hash MMU we
> have to manage the mm->context.active_cpus counter and mm cpumask
> since they determine (via mm_is_thread_local()) if the TLB flush
> in pte_clear() is local or not - it should always be local when
> we're using the temporary mm. On book3s64's Radix MMU we can
> just call local_flush_tlb_mm().
> * Use HPTE_USE_KERNEL_KEY on Hash to avoid costly lock/unlock of
> KUAP.
> ---
> arch/powerpc/lib/code-patching.c | 119 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
> 1 file changed, 112 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/powerpc/lib/code-patching.c
> b/arch/powerpc/lib/code-patching.c
> index e802e42c2789..af8e2a02a9dd 100644
> --- a/arch/powerpc/lib/code-patching.c
> +++ b/arch/powerpc/lib/code-patching.c
> @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
> #include <linux/cpuhotplug.h>
> #include <linux/slab.h>
> #include <linux/uaccess.h>
> +#include <linux/random.h>
>
> #include <asm/tlbflush.h>
> #include <asm/page.h>
> @@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ static inline void stop_using_temporary_mm(struct temp_mm
> *temp_mm)
>
> static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_struct *, text_poke_area);
> static DEFINE_PER_CPU(unsigned long, cpu_patching_addr);
> +static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct mm_struct *, cpu_patching_mm);
>
> static int text_area_cpu_up(unsigned int cpu)
> {
> @@ -126,8 +128,48 @@ static int text_area_cpu_down(unsigned int cpu)
> return 0;
> }
>
> +static __always_inline void __poking_init_temp_mm(void)
> +{
> + int cpu;
> + spinlock_t *ptl; /* for protecting pte table */
ptl is just used so we don't have to open code allocating a pte in
patching_mm isn't it?
> + pte_t *ptep;
> + struct mm_struct *patching_mm;
> + unsigned long patching_addr;
> +
> + for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
> + patching_mm = copy_init_mm();
> + WARN_ON(!patching_mm);
Would it be okay to just let the mmu handle null pointer dereferences?
> + per_cpu(cpu_patching_mm, cpu) = patching_mm;
> +
> + /*
> + * Choose a randomized, page-aligned address from the range:
> + * [PAGE_SIZE, DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW - PAGE_SIZE] The lower
> + * address bound is PAGE_SIZE to avoid the zero-page. The
> + * upper address bound is DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW - PAGE_SIZE to
> + * stay under DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW with the Book3s64 Hash MMU.
> + */
> + patching_addr = PAGE_SIZE + ((get_random_long() & PAGE_MASK)
> + % (DEFAULT_MAP_WINDOW - 2 * PAGE_SIZE));
> + per_cpu(cpu_patching_addr, cpu) = patching_addr;
On x86 the randomization depends on CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_BASE. Should it
be controllable here too?
> +
> + /*
> + * PTE allocation uses GFP_KERNEL which means we need to
> + * pre-allocate the PTE here because we cannot do the
> + * allocation during patching when IRQs are disabled.
> + */
> + ptep = get_locked_pte(patching_mm, patching_addr, &ptl);
> + WARN_ON(!ptep);
> + pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl);
> + }
> +}
> +
> void __init poking_init(void)
> {
> + if (radix_enabled()) {
> + __poking_init_temp_mm();
Should this also be done with cpuhp_setup_state()?
> + return;
> + }
> +
> WARN_ON(cpuhp_setup_state(CPUHP_AP_ONLINE_DYN,
> "powerpc/text_poke:online", text_area_cpu_up,
> text_area_cpu_down) < 0);
> @@ -197,30 +239,93 @@ static inline int unmap_patch_area(void)
> return 0;
> }
>
> +struct patch_mapping {
> + spinlock_t *ptl; /* for protecting pte table */
> + pte_t *ptep;
> + struct temp_mm temp_mm;
> +};
> +
> +/*
> + * This can be called for kernel text or a module.
> + */
> +static int map_patch_mm(const void *addr, struct patch_mapping
> *patch_mapping)
> +{
> + struct page *page;
> + struct mm_struct *patching_mm = __this_cpu_read(cpu_patching_mm);
> + unsigned long patching_addr = __this_cpu_read(cpu_patching_addr);
> +
> + if (is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(addr))
> + page = vmalloc_to_page(addr);
> + else
> + page = virt_to_page(addr);
> +
> + patch_mapping->ptep = get_locked_pte(patching_mm, patching_addr,
> + &patch_mapping->ptl);
> + if (unlikely(!patch_mapping->ptep)) {
> + pr_warn("map patch: failed to allocate pte for patching\n");
> + return -1;
> + }
> +
> + set_pte_at(patching_mm, patching_addr, patch_mapping->ptep,
> + pte_mkdirty(mk_pte(page, PAGE_KERNEL)));
> +
> + init_temp_mm(&patch_mapping->temp_mm, patching_mm);
> + start_using_temporary_mm(&patch_mapping->temp_mm);
> +
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int unmap_patch_mm(struct patch_mapping *patch_mapping)
> +{
> + struct mm_struct *patching_mm = __this_cpu_read(cpu_patching_mm);
> + unsigned long patching_addr = __this_cpu_read(cpu_patching_addr);
> +
> + pte_clear(patching_mm, patching_addr, patch_mapping->ptep);
> +
> + local_flush_tlb_mm(patching_mm);
> + stop_using_temporary_mm(&patch_mapping->temp_mm);
> +
> + pte_unmap_unlock(patch_mapping->ptep, patch_mapping->ptl);
> +
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> static int do_patch_instruction(u32 *addr, struct ppc_inst instr)
> {
> int err, rc = 0;
> u32 *patch_addr = NULL;
> unsigned long flags;
> + struct patch_mapping patch_mapping;
>
> /*
> - * During early early boot patch_instruction is called
> - * when text_poke_area is not ready, but we still need
> - * to allow patching. We just do the plain old patching
> + * During early early boot patch_instruction is called when the
> + * patching_mm/text_poke_area is not ready, but we still need to allow
> + * patching. We just do the plain old patching.
> */
> - if (!this_cpu_read(text_poke_area))
> - return raw_patch_instruction(addr, instr);
> + if (radix_enabled()) {
> + if (!this_cpu_read(cpu_patching_mm))
> + return raw_patch_instruction(addr, instr);
> + } else {
> + if (!this_cpu_read(text_poke_area))
> + return raw_patch_instruction(addr, instr);
> + }
Would testing cpu_patching_addr handler both of these cases?
Then I think it might be clearer to do something like this:
if (radix_enabled()) {
return patch_instruction_mm(addr, instr);
}
patch_instruction_mm() would combine map_patch_mm(), then patching and
unmap_patch_mm() into one function.
IMO, a bit of code duplication would be cleaner than checking multiple
times for radix_enabled() and having struct patch_mapping especially
for maintaining state.
>
> local_irq_save(flags);
>
> - err = map_patch_area(addr);
> + if (radix_enabled())
> + err = map_patch_mm(addr, &patch_mapping);
> + else
> + err = map_patch_area(addr);
> if (err)
> goto out;
>
> patch_addr = (u32 *)(__this_cpu_read(cpu_patching_addr) |
> offset_in_page(addr));
> rc = __patch_instruction(addr, instr, patch_addr);
>
> - err = unmap_patch_area();
> + if (radix_enabled())
> + err = unmap_patch_mm(&patch_mapping);
> + else
> + err = unmap_patch_area();
>
> out:
> local_irq_restore(flags);
> --
> 2.32.0
>
Thanks,
Jordan
