On Thu, Jun 18, 2026 at 06:04:32PM +0800, Jun Miao wrote:
> During early boot, ksgxd (Intel Software Guard Extensions Kernel Thread)
> iterates over all post-kexec dirty EPC pages in a tight loop calling
> cond_resched() after each page. But, on isolated CPUs
> (a common configuration in cloud VMs), cond_resched() never triggers a
> real context switch because TIF_NEED_RESCHED is not set when no competing
> runnable task exists on that CPU.
>
> synchronize_rcu_tasks(), invoked by BPF LSM during initialization, must
> wait for every task that was running at the start of the grace period to
> pass through a quiescent state (a voluntary sleep or preemption point).
> If ksgxd never leaves the CPU, the rcu_tasks grace period stalls, causing
> boot delays exceeding 60 seconds on machines with large EPC regions.
>
> Fix this by introducing SGX_SANITIZE_RESCHED_INTERVAL (32768) and forcing
> ksgxd to sleep for one jiffy every that many pages, guaranteeing that an
> rcu_tasks quiescent state is reached in bounded time regardless of CPU
> isolation. Keep cond_resched() for all other iterations.
>
> Without this patch, instead, virtual machines (VMs) experience a long OS boot
> times:
>
> [ 4.110549] systemd[1]: Detected architecture x86-64.
> [ 4.115279] systemd[1]: Hostname set to <i2bp1g0g0m0i8406er0g1zX2>.
> [ 4.115554] systemd[1]: Installed transient /etc/machine-id file.
> [ 14.262158] rcu_tasks_wait_gp: rcu_tasks grace period number 1 (since
> boot) is 10087 jiffies old.
> [ 14.374158] rcu_tasks_wait_gp: rcu_tasks grace period number 1 (since
> boot) is 40199 jiffies old.
> [ 134.806157] rcu_tasks_wait_gp: rcu_tasks grace period number 1 (since
> boot) is 130631 jiffies old.
> [ 248.086158] INFO: task systemd:1 blocked for more than 122 seconds.
> [ 248.086491] Not tainted 6.8.0-90-generic #91-Ubuntu
> [ 248.086739] 'echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs' disables
> this message.
> [ 248.086993] task:systemd state:D stack:0 pid:1 tpid:1 ppid:0
> flags:0x00000002
> [ 248.087274] Call Trace:
> [ 248.087434] <TASK>
> [ 248.087557] __schedule+0x27c/0x6b0
> [ 248.087770] schedule+0x33/0x110
> [ 248.087939] schedule_timeout+0x157/0x170
> [ 248.088120] wait_for_completion+0x88/0x150
> [ 248.088304] __wait_rcu_gp+0x17e/0x190
> [ 248.088481] synchronize_rcu_tasks_generic+0x64/0x60
> [ 248.088672] ? __pfx_call_rcu_tasks+0x10/0x10
> [ 248.088858] ? __pfx_wakeme_after_rcu+0x10/0x10
> [ 248.089047] synchronize_rcu_tasks+0x15/0x20
> [ 248.089260] register_ftrace_direct+0x31f/0x350
> [ 248.089445] ? __pfx_bpf_lsm_file_open+0x10/0x10
> [ 248.089629] bpf_trampoline_update+0x469/0x650
> [ 248.089814] ? 0xffffffffffffffff
> [ 248.089988] ? 0xffffffffffffffff
> [ 248.090153] __bpf_trampoline_link_prog+0x10d/0x330
> [ 248.090339] bpf_trampoline_link_prog+0x33/0x60
> [ 248.090518] bpf_tracing_prog_attach+0x3c5/0x5f0
> [ 248.090699] link_create+0x1a5/0x280
> [ 248.090886] ? security_bpf+0x3c/0x70
> [ 248.091101] __sys_bpf+0x4ae/0x10
> [ 248.091312] __x64_sys_bpf+0x1a/0x30
> [ 248.091477] x64_sys_call+0x199/0x250
> [ 248.091647] do_syscall_64+0x7f/0x180
> [ 248.091818] ? arch_exit_to_user_mode_prepare.isa.0+0x1a/0x60
> [ 248.092022] ? irqentry_exit_to_user_mode+0x38/0x1e0
> [ 248.092246] ? irqentry_exit+0x43/0x50
> [ 248.092401] entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x78/0x80
> [ 248.092590] RIP: 0033:0x7b53e592728d
> [ 248.092756] RSP: 002b:00007ffdaa9d696 EFLAGS: 00000246 ORIG_RAX:
> 0000000000000141
> [ 248.092856] RAX: ffffffffffffffda RBX: 00007ffdaa9d696 RCX:
> 00007b53e592728d
> [ 248.092956] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: 00007ffdaa9d696 RDI:
> 0000000000000001
> [ 248.093056] RBP: 00007ffdaa9d696 R08: 00007b53e5a03a8 R09: 00007ffdaa9d696
> [ 248.093156] R10: 0000000000000000 R11: 0000000000000000 R12:
> 0000000000000000
> [ 248.093256] R13: 0000000000000000 R14: 00005d81ed2cfd0 R15:
> 00005d81ed2b7ec0
> [ 248.093406] </TASK>
>
> Reported-by: challvy <[email protected]>
> Link: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/issues/40423
> Fixes: e7e0545299d8 ("x86/sgx: Initialize metadata for Enclave Page Cache
> (EPC) sections")
> Co-developed-by: Fan Du <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: Fan Du <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: Jun Miao <[email protected]>
> ---
> arch/x86/kernel/cpu/sgx/main.c | 22 ++++++++++++++++++++--
> 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/sgx/main.c b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/sgx/main.c
> index 4505f808af5e..4642d2d47186 100644
> --- a/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/sgx/main.c
> +++ b/arch/x86/kernel/cpu/sgx/main.c
> @@ -52,6 +52,13 @@ static struct sgx_numa_node *sgx_numa_nodes;
>
> static LIST_HEAD(sgx_dirty_page_list);
>
> +/*
> + * Force a voluntary context switch every SGX_SANITIZE_RESCHED_INTERVAL
> + * iterations to let synchronize_rcu_tasks() (e.g. called by BPF LSM at
> + * init) complete its grace period.
> + */
> +#define SGX_SANITIZE_RESCHED_INTERVAL (1 << 15)
nit: maybe SGX_SANITIZE_PAGES_RECHED_INTERVAL
> +
> /*
> * Reset post-kexec EPC pages to the uninitialized state. The pages are
> removed
> * from the input list, and made available for the page allocator. SECS pages
> @@ -63,6 +70,7 @@ static LIST_HEAD(sgx_dirty_page_list);
> static unsigned long __sgx_sanitize_pages(struct list_head *dirty_page_list)
> {
> unsigned long left_dirty = 0;
> + unsigned long count = 0;
> struct sgx_epc_page *page;
> LIST_HEAD(dirty);
> int ret;
nit: reverse xmas tree order
> @@ -72,6 +80,18 @@ static unsigned long __sgx_sanitize_pages(struct list_head
> *dirty_page_list)
> if (kthread_should_stop())
> return 0;
>
> + /*
> + * On isolated CPUs cond_resched() does not trigger a real
> + * context switch when no competing runnable task exists.
> + * Periodically force ksgxd to sleep so that
> synchronize_rcu_tasks()
> + * (e.g. BPF LSM) can complete the grace period in bounded time.
> + * Keep cond_resched() between forced sleeps for
> higher-priority tasks.
> + */
> + if (!(++count & (SGX_SANITIZE_RESCHED_INTERVAL - 1)))
> + schedule_timeout_interruptible(1);
> + else
> + cond_resched();
> +
> page = list_first_entry(dirty_page_list, struct sgx_epc_page,
> list);
>
> /*
> @@ -105,8 +125,6 @@ static unsigned long __sgx_sanitize_pages(struct
> list_head *dirty_page_list)
> list_move_tail(&page->list, &dirty);
> left_dirty++;
> }
> -
> - cond_resched();
> }
>
> list_splice(&dirty, dirty_page_list);
> --
> 2.43.0
>
>
BR, Jarkko
