Adrian Bunk wrote:

> even for dynamically linking including non-GPL code is not white but 
> already dark grey.

IANAL, but personally, I think it's perfectly black and white.

No mechanical combination (that means compressing, linking, tarring, compiling, 
or whatever) can create a work for copyright purposes. It can only convert the 
original work into a new form or aggregate works.

There are a few exceptions to this by statute. For example, translation (by 
explicit law) can create a derivative work. Presumably this was because nobody 
ever imagined an automated process that could translate a work. It was assumed 
such a process must always be creative.

To create a 'derivative work', you must create a new *work*, and a compiler and 
linker can't do that. Under copyright law, the creation of a work requires 
creative input. Compilers and linkers are not creative.

If you link two works together, the result is an aggregate of those two works 
(and possibly the linker). This must be the case because there is no creative 
combination, and without creativity, a new work (for copyright purposes) cannot 
be formed.

No amount of mechanical automated combination of works can create a new work 
for copyright purposes. If you feed A and B into a linker, all you can get out 
is A, B, and perhaps the linker.

This doesn't mean that the result isn't a derivative work of one of the inputs. 
But this can only happen if one of the input works was a derivative to begin 
with.

"Mere aggregation" must mean as opposed to creative combination. Think about a 
tar/gzip. Bits of each work are mixed into the other as the subsequent work has 
elements in common to the previous work compressed out. This is just as much 
mixing as a linker does, perhaps arguably more. The key is that no creativity 
is used, and thus no *new* work (and a derivative work is a new work) is 
created.

DS


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