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Hi Thomas, hi Greg, hi Tony, hi Arjan, hi other expert on the list I noticed on our Cascade lake with 4.14.120, the kernel is reporting vulnerable: jwang@ps401a-912:~$ head /sys/devices/system/cpu/vulnerabilities/mds Vulnerable: Clear CPU buffers attempted, no microcode; SMT vulnerable But according to INTEL, they have built the mitigation in hardware for Cascade Lake: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/architecture-and-technology/engineering-new-protections-into-hardware.html We are using latest microcode from debian: https://metadata.ftp-master.debian.org/changelogs//non-free/i/intel-microcode/intel-microcode_3.20190514.1~deb9u1_changelog lscpu: jwang@ps401a-912:~$ lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 96 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-95 Thread(s) per core: 2 Core(s) per socket: 24 Socket(s): 2 NUMA node(s): 2 Vendor ID: GenuineIntel CPU family: 6 Model: 85 Model name: Intel(R) Xeon(R) Platinum 8268 CPU @ 2.90GHz Stepping: 5 CPU MHz: 3228.226 CPU max MHz: 3900.0000 CPU min MHz: 1000.0000 BogoMIPS: 5800.00 Virtualization: VT-x L1d cache: 32K L1i cache: 32K L2 cache: 1024K L3 cache: 33792K NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0-23,48-71 NUMA node1 CPU(s): 24-47,72-95 Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc art arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc cpuid aperfmperf pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx smx est tm2 ssse3 sdbg fma cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid dca sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault epb cat_l3 cdp_l3 invpcid_single intel_ppin ssbd mba ibrs ibpb stibp tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 hle avx2 smep bmi2 erms invpcid rtm cqm mpx rdt_a avx512f avx512dq rdseed adx smap clflushopt clwb intel_pt avx512cd avx512bw avx512vl xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves cqm_llc cqm_occup_llc cqm_mbm_total cqm_mbm_local dtherm ida arat pln pts pku ospke flush_l1d arch_capabilities Clearly we want to buy Cascade Lake if the hardware mitigations are in place, but the information on the internet is quite limited and misleading. Could anyone of you could clarify it for us? Does it mean 4.14.120 is missing patches for detecting Cascade Lake mitigation, Or maybe only small set of cascade lake has mitigation? Or the community/intel are not sure about it yet? Looking forward for your reply. Thanks, -- Jack Wang Linux Kernel Developer