Do I have to abandon partcombine and use the << {} \\ {} >> construct to obtain what I want?
You can insert a \partcombineApart in the beginning of lh_one and restore the default behaviour m25 with a \partcombineAutomatic, when there are no more rests.
lh_one = \relative f { \global \clef bass \partcombineApart % <- here r4 c'2 c4 | % m1 ... r4 bf2 bf4 | % m24 \partcombineAutomatic % <- and here c,4 g'2 bf4 | % m25 ... -- Gilles