Am 27.08.2016 um 01:24 schrieb Timofey Misarenkov:
(DynamicText.extra-offset can help to move, but
vertical space waste remains the same. And using same approach to move
\p and hairpin do not helps either.)

extra-offset only moves the visual appearance of a grob but doesn’t affect spacing so if you move the ff left spacing will be as if you hadn’t moved it.

So, the question is: how to make \ff to appear at the left of <d d,>s ?

Instead of extra-offset, use X-offset and Y-offset (in this case, X-offset is sufficient). Are you sure it’s a "ff" and a "p" (separated) and not a "ffp" (combined)? Because there is no \ffp command in LilyPond, you can create one:
  ffp = #(make-dynamic-script "ffp")
Or use make-dynamic-script directly (see below).

If you start the hairpin directly at the ffp, it’s start will move to the left together with the ffp (remember: X-offset affects spacing ;)). To avoid that, just increase it’s bound-padding.

\version "2.18.2"

\score {
  \new GrandStaff <<
    \new Staff = "up"  \relative c' {
      \clef treble
      <d d,>4-> \repeat unfold 12 {<a' d fis a>16-.}
    }
    \new Dynamics = "dynamics" {
      % this moves the ffp to the left
      \once \override DynamicText.X-offset = -4.5
      % this increases the gap between ffp and start of hairpin
      \once \override Hairpin.bound-padding = 2.5
      s2...-#(make-dynamic-script "ffp")\< s16\! |
    }
    \new Staff = "down" \relative c, {
      \clef bass
      <d d,>4-> \repeat unfold 12 {<a' d fis a>16-.}
    }
  >>
  \layout {}
}

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