Эмиль Кранц wrote:
> the line "passwd: password changed" says otherwise
> you have changed your password.
> there will be no visible indications of changing password.
> try to log in

Better, look at /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow.  You should see something like:

/etc/passwd:
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

/etc/shadow
root:$6$LNA7oLuiu4$2Mwm0/K052zN5haUkTBdCgBuBEqQ7123456789/WSBBtGyP0ELoBSq5intYpKK1RdjHjkSqcPizjFATt.Onlp0:15010:0:99999:7:::

The shadow entry is one line.  The second entry between the :s is the 
hashed password.

Not having /dev mounted in chroot will also cause the problem.

In an emergency, edit passwd and shadow like:

passwd
root::0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

shadow
root::15010:0:99999:7:::

Then you can login as root without a password.  Of course you don't want 
to leave it that way.

   -- Bruce
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